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hold in the central position

Толкование Перевод

1 position

положение; место ЛА; рабочее место ( члена экипажа) ; позиция; устанавливать в ( требуемое) положение

1/2 position — положение, соответствующее выпуску закрылков наполовину

20-deg. sweep position — положение (крыла) с углом стреловидности 20°

actual dead reckoning position — действительные координаты счислимой точки (в отличие от приближенных)

actual position of the aircraft — фактическое место самолёта

air inlet spike position — положение «иглы» [конуса] воздухозаборника

air intake spike position — положение «иглы» [конуса] воздухозаборника

align in takeoff position — устанавливать (самолёт) в положение для взлета

assume the ejection position — принимать положение для катапультирования

bring back to the idle position — возвращать в положение малого газа (о дроссельном рычаге)

feel device no-load position — положение автомата загрузки, соответствующее нулевому усилию на рычагах управления, сбалансированное положение автомата загрузки

flip to inverted position — мгновенно переворачиваться «на спину» (о самолёте)

full swept back position — положение максимальной стреловидности (крыла изменяемой геометрии)

go to the down position — выпускаться (о шасси)

go to the up position — убираться (о шасси)

hold in the central position — удерживать (рули) в нейтрали [в нейтральном положении]

in a 60-deg. reclining position — в отклонённом назад под углом 60° положении (о лётчике)

in the No 2 engine position — на месте двигателя № 2

minimum afterburner throttle position — положение РУД, соответствующее минимальной форсажной тяге

neutral longitudinal trim position — продольно сбалансированное положение ЛА

position position of minimum reception — положение минимального приёма (приёма сигналов с наименьшей слышимостью)

primary flight instrument positions — места расположения [позиции] основных пилотажных приборов

— advance a position

— aerial position

— aerodynamic center position

— afterburner position

— aileron position

— air position

— air refueling position

— air start position

— airbrake position

— aircrew positions

— approach position

— assumed position

— astronaut rest position

— astronomical position

— at-rest position

— attack position

— azimuthal position

— back stick position

— banked position

— blade azimuthal position

— bleed door position

— boundary-layer transition position

— braking-pitch position

— calculated position

— captain's position

— carriage position

— center position

— center-of-gravity position

— choke position

— chord position

— chordwise position

— clean position

— clock code position

— coarse alignment position

— coarse-pitch position

— computed ground position

— contact position

— control stick position

— controlled position

— control-surface position

— cowl flaps position

— crew positions

— cross feed position

— cruise position

— datum position

— dead-reckoning position

— deorbit position

— deployed position

— detented position

— deyaw position

— DLC position

— dorsal position

— down position

— downwind position

— ejection position

— ejector position

— elevation position

— elevator position

— elevator trim position

— elevon position

— engage position

— en-route position

— equilibrium position

— erected position

— estimated position

— extended position

— external position

— failure position

— faired position

— feathered position

— feathering position

— firing position

— fixed position

— flap position

— flight position

— flying position

— formation position

— forward position

— forward stick position

— full airbrakes position

— full back position

— full flap position

— full-aft swept position

— full-down position

— full-in position

— full-out position

— full-over position

— full-trail position

— full-up position

— fully-advanced position

— fully-deflected position

— future position

— future target position

— gate position

— geographical position

— ground position

— half-travel position

— head-down position

— head-up position

— heliocentric position

— hold a position

— hold position

— horizontal position

— horizontal thrust position

— hover position

— Incidence position

— inertially determined position

— in-flight position

— initial position

— injection position

— inverted position

— jetpipe-nozzle position

— key position

— landing position

— landing-gear position

— latched position

— launcher position

— launching position

— lead position

— leading-edge flap position

— leading-edge slat position

— low tailplane position

— lowered position

— lying position

— maximum afterburner position

— maximum thickness position

— mean position

— midship position

— mid-upper position

— minimum afterburner position

— minimum throttle position

— missile position

— most probable position

— move into position

— navigation position

— near-stall position

— neutral position

— neutral-point position

— no-load position

— non-afterburning position

— nose heavy position

— nose-low position

— no-wind position

— nozzle-door position

— null position

— oblique position

— o'clock position

— off-center position

— on beam position

— operating position

— operational position

— operative position

— oversweep position

— parking position

— partial reverse position

— perch position

— piloting position

— pitch position

— plot a position

— polar coordinate position

— position of touchdown

— precalculated position

— precontact position

— predicted position

— pre-ejection position

— prelaunch position

— present position

— pretouchdown position

— prone position

— pro-spin position

— protective position

— readiness position

— ready position

— reentry position

— refueling position

— relative altitude position

— relative position

— release position

— request a position

— retracted position

— rigging position

— right way-up position

— roll position

— rudder position

— run-up position

— runway takeoff position

— safe landing position

— seated position

— semi-supine position

— shoulder position

— sitting position

— space position

— spanwise position

— spatial position

— spike position

— spoiler position

— stable equilibrium position

— stand-by position

— static position

— stellar position

— stepped-lying position

— stick position

— stop position

— stowed position

— streamline position

— supine position

— surface position

— sweep position

— swept back position

— tail heavy position

— takeoff flap position

— takeoff position

— takeoff trim position

— tangential position

— taxi holding position

— test mask position

— three-point position

— throttle-lever position

— trailed position

— trailing-edge flap position

— transition-point position

— trim-tab position

— trlmmed position

— undercarriage position

— undisturbed position

— unstable equilibrium position

— unswept position

— up position

— upright position

— upside-down position

— upwind position

— vertical thrust position

— visual-aiming position

— vortex position

— vortex-breakdown position

— wing position

— wing-flap position

— yaw position

— zero position

— zero reference position

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > position
2 position

pəˈzɪʃən
1. сущ.
1) а) положение, местоположение;
место;
позиция, расположение to assume, take a position ≈ принять какое-л. положение awkward, uncomfortable position ≈ неудобное положение;
неприятная ситуация comfortable position ≈ удобное место;
удобное расположение to attack, storm a position ≈ атаковать позицию, нанести удар по позиции to hold, maintain position ≈ удерживать позицию;
занимать какой-л. пост to occupy, take up a position ≈ занять/захватить позицию to regain a position ≈ восстановить положение to give up, lose, surrender a position ≈ сдать позиции;
капитулировать;
потерпеть выражение enemy position ≈ расположение сил врага fortified positions ≈ укрепленные позиции impregnable position ≈ недосягаемое положение;
неприступные позиции strong position ≈ прочное/устойчивое положение untenable, vulnerable, weak position ≈ шаткое положение a position of strength ≈ позиция силы from a position ≈ с каких-л. позиций to negotiate from a position of strength ≈ вести переговоры с позиции силы б) положение, поза kneeling position ≈ положение "с колена" (в стрельбе) lotus position ≈ поза лотоса prone position ≈ положение "лежа" (в стрельбе) sitting position ≈ сидячее положение squatting position ≈ на корточках lying, supine position ≈ лежачее положение fetal position foetal position defensive position Syn: stand, disposition, posture
1. б) обычное, правильное место (для какого-л. предмета, вещи и т.д.)
2) перен. ситуация, позиция, положение;
стечение обстоятельств embarrassing position ≈ неудобное положение (с психологической точки зрения) ludicrous position ≈ смешная/курьезная ситуация The city was somehow put into a position to stand a siege. ≈ город был поставлен в условия осадного положения. Syn: condition
3) возможность
4) положение;
должность to apply for, look for, seek ≈ искать работу to find a position ≈ найти работу to occupy a prominent position ≈ занимать руководящую должность high, leading, prominent position ≈ ведущее/руководящее положение temporary position ≈ временное место работы tenured position ≈ должность/пост с ограниченным сроком пребывания government position ≈ пост в правительстве managerial position ≈ руководящая должность official position ≈ служебное положение teaching position ≈ преподавательская должность position classification ≈ классификация должностей (официальный перечень служебных обязанностей для классификации всех должностей в системе гражданской службы) excepted position ≈ исключаемые должности (не подлежащие замещению по конкурсным экзаменам) permanent position Syn: rank, standing, status
5) а) отношение, точка зрения firm position ≈ определенная/четкая позиция (по какому-л. вопросу) radical position ≈ радикальная/крайняя точка зрения на что-л. official position ≈ отношение/мнение официальных кругов unofficial position ≈ неофициальная (т.е. отличная от официальной) точка зрения to take a position on foreign aid ≈ встать на определенную позицию в вопросе зарубежной поддержки/помощи They took the position that further resistance would be useless. ≈ Они высказали точку зрения, что дальнейшее сопротивление бесполезно. б) заявление, утверждение, принцип It is an edict, which contains many extraordinary positions and pretensions. ≈ Это указ, в котором много странных утверждений и притязаний. Syn: statement, assertion, tenet
2. гл.
1) класть, помещать, ставить;
располагать в определенном месте Uniformed constables had been positioned to re-direct traffic. ≈ Двух полицейских в униформе поставили, чтобы изменять направление движущихся потоков. Syn: place
2.
2) определять местоположение Syn: locate положение, местонахождение, расположение;
место - * data координаты - * buoy указательный буй - charted * (морское) место, нанесенное на карту - estimated * (морское) счислимое место (судна в море) - the house has a very good * дом очень удобно /хорошо/ расположен обычное, правильное место, положение - in * на своем месте;
в правильном месте /положении/ - the players were in * игроки были на своих местах( военное) позиция, расположение;
рубеж - * of assembly место сбора;
район сосредоточения - * warfare позиционная война - * area (военное) район обороны - * defense( военное) оборона на заранее подготовленной позиции, позиционная оборона положение, поза - horizontal * горизонтальное положение - to lie in an uncomfortable * лежать в неудобной позе (техническое) положение - open * открытое положение( клапана) ;
разомкнутое положение (контактов) - initial * начальное /исходное, нулевое/ положение - "off" * "выключено" - "on" * "включено" - working /operating/ * рабочее положение - idle * нейтральное положение, положение холостого хода должность, место - to get a good * получить хорошее место - to occupy /to hold/ leading *s занимать руководящие посты - he has a * as cashier он занимает должность кассира (высокое) общественное положение - a high * in society высокое положение в обществе - people of * люди, занимающие высокое общественное положение положение, состояние - from a /the/ * of strength (политика) с позиции силы - to be placed /to be put/ in a false * быть поставленным в ложное положение - what is the * of affairs? каково положение вещей /дел/? - what would you do if you were in my *? что бы вы сделали на моем месте? - you're in a better * to judge вам виднее - this is a nice * to be in! ну и в переплет вы /мы/ попали, ну и влипли же вы /мы/! возможность;
способность - to be in a * to do smth. иметь возможность /быть в состоянии/ сделать что-л. - they were in a * to buy the best они могли позволить себе покупать самое лучшее позиция, точка зрения;
отношение - starting *s исходные позиции - to define one's * определить свою позицию /свою точку зрения/ - to take up the * that... утверждать, что...;
стать на точку зрения, что... - to adopt /to take up/ a definite * on a question занять определенную позицию по какому-л. вопросу (философское) полагание (музыкальное) позиция, положение левой руки на грифе (при игре на струнных смычковых инструментах) (музыкальное) положение, расположение (аккорда) (фонетика) положение, позиция - vowel long by * позиционно долгий звук (американизм) (биржевое) (разговорное) (срочная) позиция, срочный контракт;
сделка на срок (контракт, истекающий в определенном месяце) - distant * определенная позиция (американизм) (биржевое) (разговорное) остаток, сальдо - dollar * сальдо по расчетам в долларах, остаток на долларовых счетах ( американизм) (биржевое) (разговорное) запас;
наличие материалов (спортивное) положение, позиция;
поза;
стойка - * of attention положение "смирно" - starting * исходное положение - back * положение спиной к снаряду (гимнастика) - cross * sideways положение к снаряду боком( гимнастика) - prone-fall * положение с упором на руки и носки( гимнастика) - crouched * присед( гимнастика) - half-split * полушпагат (гимнастика) - adjourned * отложенная позиция (шахматы) - down * положение "на полу" (бокс) - standing * положение "стоя" (стрельба) - normal * of legs нормальная постановка ног (конный спорт) - semicrouch * основная стойка( при спуске на лыжах) - * play выбор выгодной позиции (спортивное) место, занятое в соревновании (морское) позиция (время, в течение которого судно может прибыть под погрузку) (редкое) ставить, помещать - the controller *ed the aircraft over the target (авиация) штурман навел самолет на цель( редкое) определять местонахождение;
локализировать( редкое) (спортивное) занимать место;
выбирать позицию (по ходу игры) (редкое) выпускать или рекламировать товар, предназначенный для определенной категории покупателей bank foreign exchange ~ остаток средств банка в иностранной валюте bargaining ~ рыночная позиция position возможность;
to be in a position to do (smth.) быть в состоянии, иметь возможность (сделать что-л.) cash ~ кассовая позиция cash ~ остаток кассы central ~ центральное положение character ~ вчт. расположение знака close ~ бирж. ликвидировать позицию competitive ~ конкурентоспособность current account ~ сальдо текущего счета current ~ вчт. текущие координаты cursor ~ вчт. место курсора cyclical ~ фаза экономического цикла ~ отношение, точка зрения;
to define one's position( on smth.) определить свое отношение (к чему-л.) dominant ~ господствующее положение dominant ~ доминирующее положение dominant ~ ключевая позиция exceptional ~ особое положение executive ~ руководящая должность exposed ~ открытая позиция financial ~ финансовое положение foreign exchange ~ валютная наличность foreign exchange ~ запас иностранной валюты forward bond ~ бирж. конъюнктура на рынке форвардных облигаций forward ~ позиция по срочным сделкам forward ~ срочная позиция forward ~ сумма контрактов по сделкам на срок forward ~ сумма обязательств по сделкам на срок forward securities ~ позиция по срочным ценным бумагам gross forward-market ~ общее состояние форвардного рынка gross reserve ~ сальдо практического резерва страховых запасов ~ положение, местоположение;
место;
расположение, позиция;
in (out of) position в правильном (неправильном) месте initial ~ начальное положение insecure ~ небезопасное положение insecure ~ опасное положение intermediate ~ промежуточная позиция key ~ ведущее положение key ~ основная сделка на срок leading ~ ведущая должность leading ~ ведущая позиция leading ~ лидирующее положение legal ~ законное положение legal ~ юридическая должность legal ~ юридический статус line ~ должность в линейном подразделении liquid ~ ликвидный остаток liquidate a ~ ликвидировать биржевую позицию liquidity ~ ликвидность liquidity ~ наличие ликвидных средств long ~ наличие у банка определенной суммы в иностранной валюте long ~ обязательство по срочным сделкам при игре на повышение long ~ бирж. позиция по срочным сделкам при игре на повышение long ~ срочная позиция, образовавшаяся в результате покупки фьючерсных или опционных контрактов long ~ ценные бумаги, принадлежащие инвестору managerial ~ административная должность managerial ~ управленческая должность market ~ положение на рынке market ~ рыночная конъюнктура market ~ состояние рынка naked ~ бирж. незахеджированная позиция naked ~ рыночная позиция, не защищенная от ценового риска net creditor ~ нетто-позиция кредитора net creditor ~ общая кредиторская позиция net debtor ~ нетто-позиция дебитора net exchange ~ сальдо обмена валюты net liquidity ~ нетто-позиция ликвидности net ~ нетто-позиция net ~ разница между покупками и продажами newly created ~ вновь созданная должность open ~ бирж. открытая позиция open ~ бирж. позиция под риском ~ обычное, правильное место;
the players were in position игроки были на своих местах position возможность;
to be in a position to do (smth.) быть в состоянии, иметь возможность (сделать что-л.) ~ возможность ~ упр. должность ~ место ~ упр. место ~ нетто-остаток средств банка в иностранной валюте ~ обычное, правильное место;
the players were in position игроки были на своих местах ~ определять местоположение ~ остаток ~ остаток средств на счете ~ отношение, точка зрения;
to define one's position (on smth.) определить свое отношение (к чему-л.) ~ отношение, точка зрения ~ вчт. позиционировать ~ позиционный ~ позиция ~ позиция по срочным сделкам ~ положение, должность ~ положение, местоположение, место, расположение, позиция ~ положение;
должность ~ перен. положение, позиция;
to put in a false position поставить в ложное положение ~ положение, местоположение;
место;
расположение, позиция;
in (out of) position в правильном (неправильном) месте ~ положение ~ вчт. разряд ~ сальдо ~ срочная позиция ~ ставить, помещать ~ статья в таможенном тарифе ~ сумма контрактов по сделкам на срок ~ точка зрения ~ финансовое положение ~ of authority выборная должность ~ of priority преимущественное положение ~ of trust выборная должность trust: ~ ответственность, долг, обязательство;
a position of trust ответственный пост;
breach of trust нарушение доверенным лицом своих обязательств preferred ~ предпочтительное положение preferred ~ привилегированное положение privileged ~ привилегированный пост ~ перен. положение, позиция;
to put in a false position поставить в ложное положение recorded cash ~ зафиксированная кассовая позиция recorded cash ~ зафиксированный остаток кассы relative ~ относительное положение reserve one's ~ сохранять свою должность reserve ~ сальдо резервов secured ~ гарантированная позиция separate ~ особая позиция short ~ "короткая" позиция starting ~ исходная позиция starting ~ исходное положение strengthen one's ~ укреплять положение to take up the ~ (that) стать на точку зрения (что), утверждать (что) uncovered ~ бирж. непокрытая позиция по срочным сделкам untenable ~ несостоятельная позиция vacant ~ вакансия, незанятая должность vacant ~ вакансия vacant ~ вакантная должность

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > position
3 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
4 head

hed
1. noun
1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) cabeza

2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) cabeza, mente

3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) cabeza

4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; (also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) cabeza, jefe

5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) cabeza

6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) fuente, nacimiento

7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) cabecera, principio

8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) a la cabeza de, al frente de

9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) madera; cabeza

10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) director; directora

11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) por cabeza

12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) cabo, punta

13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) espuma

2. verb
1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) encabezar

2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) encabezar, estar al frente de, dirigir

3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) dirigirse a, encaminarse hacia, ir rumbo a

4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) titular

5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) cabecear, rematar con la cabeza

•

- - headed
- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head

head¹ n

1. cabeza

mind your head! ¡cuidado con la cabeza!

get that idea out of your head quítate esa idea de la cabeza

2. cabecera

the head of the table la cabecera de la mesa

3. jefe / director

the head of the company el director de la compañía

to keep your head mantener la calma

to lose your head perder la calma

head² vb

1. encabezar / ir a la cabeza

the prince headed the procession el príncipe iba a la cabeza de la procesión

2. cabecear / dar de cabeza

the forward headed the ball into the goal el delantero cabeceó el balón y lo metió en la portería

to head for... dirigirse a... / ir camino de...

I'm heading for home me dirijo a casa / voy camino de casa

head

tr[hed]

noun

1 (gen) cabeza; (mind) mente nombre femenino

■ my head was spinning la cabeza me daba vueltas

2 (on tape recorder, video) cabezal nombre masculino

3 (of bed, table) cabecera

4 (of page) principio

5 (on beer) espuma

6 (cape) cabo, punta

7 (of school, company) director,-ra

8 (cattle) res nombre femenino

■ four hundred head of cattle cuatrocientas reses, cuatrocientas cabezas de ganado

9 (coin) cara

10 (of cabbage, lettuce) cogollo; (of cauliflower) pella

adjective

1 principal, jefe

■ he's the head gardener es el jardinero jefe

transitive verb

1 (company, list etc) encabezar

■ she heads the list of winners ella encabeza la lista de ganadores

2 (ball) rematar de cabeza, dar un cabezazo a, cabecear

■ he headed the ball into the net metió un gol de un cabezazo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

from head to toe / from head to foot de pies a cabeza

heads or tails? ¿cara o cruz?

off the top of one's head sin pensárselo, así de entrada

on your own head be it! ¡allá te las compongas!

per head por barba, por cabeza

■ it cost us £12 per head nos costó doce libras por barba

to be head over heels in love with somebody estar locamente enamorado,-a de alguien

to be off one's head estar chiflado,-a

to bite somebody's head off familiar echar una bronca a alguien

to do something standing on one's head hacer algo con los ojos vendados

to have a good head for figures tener facilidad para los números

to have a head for heights no padecer vértigo

to keep one's head above water mantenerse a flote

to keep one's head mantener la calma

to laugh one's head off reírse a carcajadas

two heads are better than one cuatro ojos ven más que dos

head teacher director,-ra

head start ventaja

head office oficina central

head ['hɛd] vt

1) lead: encabezar

2) direct: dirigir

head vi

: dirigirse

head adj

main: principal

the head office: la oficina central, la sede

head n

1) : cabeza f

from head to foot: de pies a cabeza

2) mind: mente f, cabeza f

3) tip, top: cabeza f (de un clavo, un martillo, etc.), cabecera f (de una mesa o un río), punta f (de una flecha), flor m (de un repollo, etc.), encabezamiento m (de una carta, etc.), espuma f (de cerveza)

4) director, leader: director m, -tora f; jefe m, -fa f; cabeza f (de una familia)

5) : cara f (de una moneda)

heads or tails: cara o cruz

6) : cabeza f

500 head of cattle: 500 cabezas de ganado

$10 a head: $10 por cabeza

7)

to come to a head : llegar a un punto crítico

head

adj.

• primero, -a adj.

• principal adj.

n.

• cabecera s.f.

• cabeza s.f.

• cabezuela s.f.

• director s.m.

• dirigente s.m.

• encabezamiento s.m.

• mayor s.m.

• mollera s.f.

• principal s.m.

• testa s.f.

head (s.o.) off (On the road, etc.)

expr.

• atajar v.

• cortarle el paso expr.

v.

• cabecear v.

• descabezar v.

• dirigir v.

• encabezar v.

• mandar v.

hed
I

noun

1) ( Anat) cabeza f

a fine head of hair — una buena cabellera

to stand on one's head — pararse de cabeza (AmL), hacer* el pino (Esp)

from head to foot o toe — de pies a cabeza, de arriba (a) abajo

he's a head taller than his brother — le lleva or le saca la cabeza a su hermano

head over heels: she tripped and went head over heels down the steps tropezó y cayó rodando escaleras abajo; to be head over heels in love estar* locamente or perdidamente enamorado; heads up! (AmE colloq) ojo! (fam), cuidado!; on your/his (own) head be it la responsabilidad es tuya/suya; to bang one's head against a (brick) wall darse* (con) la cabeza contra la pared; to be able to do something standing on one's head poder* hacer algo con los ojos cerrados; to bite o snap somebody's head off echarle una bronca a alguien (fam); to bury one's head in the sand hacer* como el avestruz; to get one's head down (colloq) ( work hard) ponerse* a trabajar en serio; ( settle for sleep) (BrE) irse* a dormir; to go over somebody's head ( bypassing hierarchy) pasar por encima de alguien; ( exceeding comprehension): his lecture went straight over my head no entendí nada de su conferencia; to go to somebody's head subírsele a la cabeza a alguien; to have a big o swelled o (BrE) swollen head ser* un creído; he's getting a swelled o (BrE) swollen head se le están subiendo los humos a la cabeza; to have one's head in the clouds tener* la cabeza llena de pájaros; to hold one's head up o high o up high ir* con la cabeza bien alta; to keep one's head above water mantenerse* a flote; to keep one's head down ( avoid attention) mantenerse* al margen; ( work hard) no levantar la cabeza; (lit: keep head lowered) no levantar la cabeza; to knock something on the head (colloq) dar* al traste con algo; to laugh one's head off reírse* a mandíbula batiente, desternillarse de (la) risa; to scream/shout one's head off gritar a voz en cuello; to make head or tail o (AmE also) heads or tails of something entender* algo; I can't make head or tail of it para mí esto no tiene ni pies ni cabeza; to rear one's ugly head: racism/fascism reared its ugly head again volvió a aparecer el fantasma del racismo/fascismo; to stand/be head and shoulders above somebody ( be superior) darle* cien vueltas a alguien, estar* muy por encima de alguien; to stand o turn something on its head darle* la vuelta a algo, poner* algo patas arriba (fam), dar* vuelta algo (CS); to turn somebody's head: the sort of good looks that turn heads el tipo de belleza que llama la atención or que hace que la gente se vuelva a mirar; (before n) head injury — lesión f en la cabeza

2) (mind, brain) cabeza f

I said the first thing that came into my head — dije lo primero que se me ocurrió or que me vino a la cabeza

she added it up in her head — hizo la suma mentalmente

he needs his head examined — está or anda mal de la cabeza

he has an old head on young shoulders — es muy maduro para su edad

she has a good head for business/figures — tiene cabeza para los negocios/los números

I've no head for heights — sufro de vértigo

I need to keep a clear head for the interview — tengo que estar despejado para la entrevista

use your head! — usa la cabeza!, piensa un poco!

if we put our heads together, we'll be able to think of something — si lo pensamos juntos, algo se nos ocurrirá

it never entered my head that... — ni se me pasó por la cabeza or jamás pensé que...

to get something into somebody's head — meterle* algo en la cabeza a alguien

to be off one's head — (colloq) estar* chiflado (fam), estar* or andar* mal de la cabeza

to be out of one's head — (sl) ( on drugs) estar* flipado or volado or (Col) volando or (Méx) hasta atrás (arg); ( drunk) estar* como una cuba (fam)

to be soft o weak in the head — estar* mal de la cabeza

to get one's head (a)round something: I can't get my head (a)round this new system no me entra este nuevo sistema; to have one's head screwed on (right o the right way) (colloq) tener* la cabeza bien puesta or sentada; to keep/lose one's head mantener*/perder* la calma; two heads are better than one — cuatro ojos ven más que dos

3)

a) ( of celery) cabeza f; (of nail, tack, pin) cabeza f; (of spear, arrow) punta f; ( of hammer) cabeza f, cotillo m; ( of pimple) punta f, cabeza f; ( on beer) espuma f; ( of river) cabecera f

b) (top end - of bed, table) cabecera f; (- of page, letter) encabezamiento m; (- of procession, line) cabeza f

4)

a) ( chief) director, -tora m,f

head of state/government — jefe, -fa m,f de Estado/de Gobierno

the head of the household — el/la cabeza de familia; (before n)

head buyer — jefe, -fa m,f de compras

head girl/boy — (BrE Educ) alumno elegido para representar al alumnado de un colegio

head waiter — maître m, capitán m de meseros (Méx)

b) ( head teacher) (esp BrE) director, -tora m,f (de colegio)

5)

a) ( person)

$15 per head — 15 dólares por cabeza or persona

b) pl head ( Agr)

700 head of cattle — 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno

6) ( crisis)

to come to a head — hacer* crisis, llegar* a un punto crítico

his arrival brought the conflict to a head — su llegada hizo estallar el conflicto

7)

a) ( magnetic device) (Audio, Comput) cabeza f, cabezal m

b) ( of drill) cabezal m

c) ( cylinder head) culata f

8) ( Geog) cabo m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<march/procession\>\> encabezar*, ir* a la cabeza de; \<\<list\>\> encabezar*

b) \<\<revolt\>\> acaudillar, ser* el cabecilla de; \<\<team\>\> capitanear; \<\<expedition/department\>\> dirigir*, estar* al frente de

2) ( direct) (+ adv compl) \<\<vehicle/ship\>\> dirigir*

which way are you headed? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

3) ( in soccer) \<\<ball\>\> cabecear

4) \<\<page/chapter\>\> encabezar*

2.

vi

the car was heading west — el coche iba en dirección oeste

where are you heading? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

it's time we were heading back — ya va siendo hora de que volvamos or regresemos

Phrasal Verbs:

- head for

- head off

- head up

[hed]
1. N

1) (=part of body) cabeza f

• my head aches — me duele la cabeza

• the horse won by a (short) head — el caballo ganó por una cabeza (escasa)

• he went head first into the ditch/wall — se cayó de cabeza en la zanja/se dio de cabeza contra la pared

the government is ploughing head first into another crisis — el gobierno avanza irremediablemente hacia otra crisis

• from head to foot — de pies a cabeza

• to give a horse its head — soltar las riendas a un caballo

to give sb his/her head — dar rienda suelta a algn

• wine goes to my head — el vino se me sube a la cabeza

success has gone to his head — el éxito se le ha subido a la cabeza

• head of hair — cabellera f

• to go head over heels — caer de cabeza

to fall head over heels in love with sb — enamorarse perdidamente de algn

• to keep one's head down — (lit) no levantar la cabeza; (=work hard) trabajar de lo lindo; (=avoid being noticed) intentar pasar desapercibido

• to nod one's head — decir que sí or asentir con la cabeza

• to shake one's head — decir que no or negar con la cabeza

• he stands head and shoulders above the rest — (lit) les saca más de una cabeza a los demás; (fig) los demás no le llegan a la suela del zapato

• to stand on one's head — hacer el pino

I could do it standing on my head * — lo podría hacer con los ojos cerrados

• she is a head taller than her sister — le saca una cabeza a su hermana

• from head to toe — de pies a cabeza

• I ought to bang or knock your heads together — os voy a dar un coscorrón a los dos *

• he turned his head and looked back at her — volvió la cabeza y la miró

- I can't get my head around that

- have one's head up one's arse or ass

- bite sb's head off

- put or lay one's head on the block

- get one's head down

to go over sb's head —

they went over my head to the manager — pasaron por encima de mí y fueron directamente al gerente

- hold one's head up high

with head held high — con la frente bien alta or erguida

- laugh one's head off

- stand or turn sth on its head

- on your own head be it!

- want sb's head on a plate

- turn one's head the other way

- heads will roll

- bury or hide or stick one's head in the sand

- scream/shout one's head off

- I can't make head nor or or tail of it

I can't make head nor or or tail of what he's saying — no entiendo nada de lo que dice

- turn heads

she had the kind of looks that turn heads — tenía ese tipo de belleza que llama la atención

- keep one's head above water
acid 3., cloud 1., hang 1., 1), knock, price 1., 1), rear, swell 3., 1), top I, 1., 11)
2) (=intellect, mind) cabeza f

use your head! — ¡usa la cabeza!

you never know what's going on in his head — nunca sabes lo que le está pasando por la cabeza

it's gone right out of my head — se me ha ido de la cabeza, se me ha olvidado

it was the first thing that came into my head — fue lo primero que me vino a la cabeza

• it was above their heads — no lo entendían

• it's better to come to it with a clear head in the morning — es mejor hacerlo por la mañana con la cabeza despejada

• it never entered my head — ni se me pasó por la cabeza siquiera

• you need your head examining or examined — tú estás mal de la cabeza

• to have a head for business/figures — ser bueno para los negocios/con los números

• I have no head for heights — tengo vértigo

• to do a sum in one's head — hacer un cálculo mental

he added it all up in his head — lo sumó todo mentalmente

• he has got it into his head that... — se le ha metido en la cabeza que...

I wish he would get it into his thick head that... — ya me gustaría que le entrara en ese cabezón que tiene que...

who put that (idea) into your head? — ¿quién te ha metido eso en la cabeza?

don't put ideas into his head — no le metas ideas en la cabeza

• I can't get that tune out of my head — no puedo quitarme esa música de la cabeza

• it was over their heads — no lo entendían

it went way over my head — no entendí nada

• I'm sure if we put our heads together we can work something out — estoy seguro de que si intercambiamos ideas encontraremos una solución

• to take it into one's head to do sth, he took it into his head to go to Australia — se le metió en la cabeza ir a Australia

• don't worry your head about it — no te preocupes, no le des muchas vueltas

- keep one's head

- lose one's head

- be/go off one's head

you must be off your head! — ¡estás como una cabra!

- be out of one's head

- he's got his head screwed on

- be soft or weak in the head

- go soft in the head

- all that flattery will turn his head

- two heads are better than one

3) (=leader) [of firm] director(a) m / f; (esp Brit) [of school] director(a) m / f

• head of department — (in school, firm) jefe(-a) m / f de departamento

head of French — el jefe/la jefa del departamento de francés

• head of (the) household — cabeza mf de familia

• head of state — (Pol) jefe(-a) m / f de Estado

4) (=top part) [of hammer, pin, spot] cabeza f; [of arrow, spear] punta f; [of stick, cane] puño m; [of bed, page] cabecera f; [of stairs] parte f alta; (on beer) espuma f; [of river] cabecera f, nacimiento m; [of valley] final m; [of mountain pass] cima f

at the head of — [+ organization] a la cabeza de; [+ train] en la parte delantera de

to be at the head of the class — ser el mejor de la clase

to be at the head of the league — ir a la cabeza de la liga

to be at the head of the list — encabezar la lista

to be at the head of the queue — ser el primero en la cola

to sit at the head of the table — sentarse en la cabecera de la mesa, presidir la mesa

5) (Bot) [of flower] cabeza f, flor f; [of corn] mazorca f

• a head of celery/ garlic — una cabeza de apio/ajo

• a head of lettuce — una lechuga

6) (Tech) (on tape-recorder) cabezal m, cabeza f magnética; [of cylinder] culata f; (Comput) cabeza f

reading/writing head — cabeza f de lectura/grabación

7) (=culmination)

• this will bring matters to a head — esto llevará las cosas a un punto crítico

• to come to a head — [situation] alcanzar un punto crítico

8) heads (on coin) cara f

it came down heads — salió cara

heads or tails? — ¿cara o cruz?, ¿águila o sol? (Mex)

to toss heads or tails — echar a cara o cruz

- heads I win, tails you lose

9) (no pl) (=unit)

20 head of cattle — 20 cabezas de ganado (vacuno)

£15 a or per head — 15 libras por cabeza or persona

10) (Naut) proa f

head to wind — con la proa a barlovento or de cara al viento

11) (Geog) cabo m

12) (=pressure)

head of steam — presión f de vapor

head of water — presión f de agua

13) (=height) [of water]

there has to be a head of six feet between the tank and the bath — el tanque tiene que estar a una altura de dos metros con respecto al baño

14) (=title) titular m; (=subject heading) encabezamiento m

this comes under the head of... — esto viene en el apartado de...

2. VT

1) (=be at front of) [+ procession, league, poll] encabezar, ir a la cabeza de; [+ list] encabezar

2) (=be in charge of) [+ organization] dirigir; (Sport) [+ team] capitanear

3) (=steer) [+ ship, car, plane] dirigir

4) (Ftbl) [+ goal] cabecear

to head the ball — cabecear (el balón)

5) [+ chapter] encabezar

3.

VI

where are you heading or headed? — ¿hacia dónde vas?, ¿para dónde vas?

he hitched a ride on a truck heading or headed west — hizo autostop y lo recogió un camión que iba hacia el oeste

he headed up the hill — se dirigió hacia la cima de la colina

they were heading home/back to town — volvían a casa/a la ciudad

4.

CPD

head boy N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegado m de la escuela (alumno)

head buyer N — jefe(-a) m / f de compras

head case * N — (Brit) majara * mf, chiflado(-a) * m / f

head cheese N — (US) queso m de cerdo, cabeza f de jabalí (Sp), carne f en gelatina

head chef N — chef mf, jefe(-a) m / f de cocina

head clerk N — encargado(-a) m / f

head coach N — (Sport) primer(a) entrenador(a) m / f

head cold N — resfriado m (de cabeza)

head count N — recuento m de personas

to take a head count — hacer un recuento de personas

head gardener N — jefe(-a) m / f de jardineros

head girl N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegada f de la escuela (alumna)

head height N — altura f de la cabeza

• at head height — a la altura de la cabeza

head injury N — herida f en la cabeza

head lice NPL — piojos mpl

head massage N — masaje m en la cabeza

• to give sb a head massage — masajearle la cabeza a algn, darle un masaje en la cabeza a algn

head nurse N — enfermero(-a) m / f jefe

head office N — sede f central

head prefect N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegado(-a) m / f de la escuela (alumno/alumna)

head restraint N — (Aut) apoyacabezas m inv, reposacabezas m inv

head start N — ventaja f

a good education gives your child a head start in life — una buena educación sitúa a su hijo en una posición aventajada en la vida

to have a head start (over or on sb) — (Sport, fig) tener ventaja (sobre algn)

he has a head start over other candidates — tiene ventaja sobre or les lleva ventaja a otros candidatos

even if he had a head start he couldn't possibly win — ni empezando con ventaja podría ganar

head teacher N — director(a) m / f

head waiter N — maître m

head wound N — herida f en la cabeza

- head back

- head down

- head for

- head off

- head out

- head up

* * *
[hed]
I

noun

1) ( Anat) cabeza f

a fine head of hair — una buena cabellera

to stand on one's head — pararse de cabeza (AmL), hacer* el pino (Esp)

from head to foot o toe — de pies a cabeza, de arriba (a) abajo

he's a head taller than his brother — le lleva or le saca la cabeza a su hermano

head over heels: she tripped and went head over heels down the steps tropezó y cayó rodando escaleras abajo; to be head over heels in love estar* locamente or perdidamente enamorado; heads up! (AmE colloq) ojo! (fam), cuidado!; on your/his (own) head be it la responsabilidad es tuya/suya; to bang one's head against a (brick) wall darse* (con) la cabeza contra la pared; to be able to do something standing on one's head poder* hacer algo con los ojos cerrados; to bite o snap somebody's head off echarle una bronca a alguien (fam); to bury one's head in the sand hacer* como el avestruz; to get one's head down (colloq) ( work hard) ponerse* a trabajar en serio; ( settle for sleep) (BrE) irse* a dormir; to go over somebody's head ( bypassing hierarchy) pasar por encima de alguien; ( exceeding comprehension): his lecture went straight over my head no entendí nada de su conferencia; to go to somebody's head subírsele a la cabeza a alguien; to have a big o swelled o (BrE) swollen head ser* un creído; he's getting a swelled o (BrE) swollen head se le están subiendo los humos a la cabeza; to have one's head in the clouds tener* la cabeza llena de pájaros; to hold one's head up o high o up high ir* con la cabeza bien alta; to keep one's head above water mantenerse* a flote; to keep one's head down ( avoid attention) mantenerse* al margen; ( work hard) no levantar la cabeza; (lit: keep head lowered) no levantar la cabeza; to knock something on the head (colloq) dar* al traste con algo; to laugh one's head off reírse* a mandíbula batiente, desternillarse de (la) risa; to scream/shout one's head off gritar a voz en cuello; to make head or tail o (AmE also) heads or tails of something entender* algo; I can't make head or tail of it para mí esto no tiene ni pies ni cabeza; to rear one's ugly head: racism/fascism reared its ugly head again volvió a aparecer el fantasma del racismo/fascismo; to stand/be head and shoulders above somebody ( be superior) darle* cien vueltas a alguien, estar* muy por encima de alguien; to stand o turn something on its head darle* la vuelta a algo, poner* algo patas arriba (fam), dar* vuelta algo (CS); to turn somebody's head: the sort of good looks that turn heads el tipo de belleza que llama la atención or que hace que la gente se vuelva a mirar; (before n) head injury — lesión f en la cabeza

2) (mind, brain) cabeza f

I said the first thing that came into my head — dije lo primero que se me ocurrió or que me vino a la cabeza

she added it up in her head — hizo la suma mentalmente

he needs his head examined — está or anda mal de la cabeza

he has an old head on young shoulders — es muy maduro para su edad

she has a good head for business/figures — tiene cabeza para los negocios/los números

I've no head for heights — sufro de vértigo

I need to keep a clear head for the interview — tengo que estar despejado para la entrevista

use your head! — usa la cabeza!, piensa un poco!

if we put our heads together, we'll be able to think of something — si lo pensamos juntos, algo se nos ocurrirá

it never entered my head that... — ni se me pasó por la cabeza or jamás pensé que...

to get something into somebody's head — meterle* algo en la cabeza a alguien

to be off one's head — (colloq) estar* chiflado (fam), estar* or andar* mal de la cabeza

to be out of one's head — (sl) ( on drugs) estar* flipado or volado or (Col) volando or (Méx) hasta atrás (arg); ( drunk) estar* como una cuba (fam)

to be soft o weak in the head — estar* mal de la cabeza

to get one's head (a)round something: I can't get my head (a)round this new system no me entra este nuevo sistema; to have one's head screwed on (right o the right way) (colloq) tener* la cabeza bien puesta or sentada; to keep/lose one's head mantener*/perder* la calma; two heads are better than one — cuatro ojos ven más que dos

3)

a) ( of celery) cabeza f; (of nail, tack, pin) cabeza f; (of spear, arrow) punta f; ( of hammer) cabeza f, cotillo m; ( of pimple) punta f, cabeza f; ( on beer) espuma f; ( of river) cabecera f

b) (top end - of bed, table) cabecera f; (- of page, letter) encabezamiento m; (- of procession, line) cabeza f

4)

a) ( chief) director, -tora m,f

head of state/government — jefe, -fa m,f de Estado/de Gobierno

the head of the household — el/la cabeza de familia; (before n)

head buyer — jefe, -fa m,f de compras

head girl/boy — (BrE Educ) alumno elegido para representar al alumnado de un colegio

head waiter — maître m, capitán m de meseros (Méx)

b) ( head teacher) (esp BrE) director, -tora m,f (de colegio)

5)

a) ( person)

$15 per head — 15 dólares por cabeza or persona

b) pl head ( Agr)

700 head of cattle — 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno

6) ( crisis)

to come to a head — hacer* crisis, llegar* a un punto crítico

his arrival brought the conflict to a head — su llegada hizo estallar el conflicto

7)

a) ( magnetic device) (Audio, Comput) cabeza f, cabezal m

b) ( of drill) cabezal m

c) ( cylinder head) culata f

8) ( Geog) cabo m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<march/procession\>\> encabezar*, ir* a la cabeza de; \<\<list\>\> encabezar*

b) \<\<revolt\>\> acaudillar, ser* el cabecilla de; \<\<team\>\> capitanear; \<\<expedition/department\>\> dirigir*, estar* al frente de

2) ( direct) (+ adv compl) \<\<vehicle/ship\>\> dirigir*

which way are you headed? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

3) ( in soccer) \<\<ball\>\> cabecear

4) \<\<page/chapter\>\> encabezar*

2.

vi

the car was heading west — el coche iba en dirección oeste

where are you heading? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

it's time we were heading back — ya va siendo hora de que volvamos or regresemos

Phrasal Verbs:

- head for

- head off

- head up

English-spanish dictionary > head
5 place

1. noun
1) Ort, der; (spot) Stelle, die; Platz, der

I left it in a safe place — ich habe es an einem sicheren Ort gelassen

it was still in the same place — es war noch an derselben Stelle od. am selben Platz

a place in the queue — ein Platz in der Schlange

all over the place — überall; (coll.): (in a mess) ganz durcheinander (ugs.)

from place to place — von Ort zu Ort

in places — hier und da; (in parts) stellenweise

find a place in something — (be included) in etwas (Akk.) eingehen; see also academic.ru/73191/take">take 1. 4)

2) (fig.): (rank, position) Stellung, die

put somebody in his place — jemanden in seine Schranken weisen

know one's place — wissen, was sich für einen gehört

it's not my place to do that — es kommt mir nicht zu, das zu tun

3) (building or area for specific purpose)

a [good] place to park/to stop — ein [guter] Platz zum Parken/eine [gute] Stelle zum Halten

do you know a good/cheap place to eat? — weißt du, wo man gut/billig essen kann?

place of residence — Wohnort, der

place of work — Arbeitsplatz, der; Arbeitsstätte, die

place of worship — Andachtsort, der

4) (country, town) Ort, der

Paris/Italy is a great place — Paris ist eine tolle Stadt/Italien ist ein tolles Land (ugs.)

place of birth — Geburtsort, der

go places — (coll.) herumkommen (ugs.); (fig.) es [im Leben] zu was bringen (ugs.)

5) (coll.): (premises) Bude, die (ugs.); (hotel, restaurant, etc.) Laden, der (ugs.)

she is at his/John's place — sie ist bei ihm/John

[shall we go to] your place or mine? — [gehen wir] zu dir oder zu mir?

6) (seat etc.) [Sitz]platz, der

change places [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] die Plätze tauschen; (fig.) [mit jemandem] tauschen

lay a/another place — ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

is this anyone's place? — ist dieser Platz noch frei?

7) (in book etc.) Stelle, die

lose one's place — die Seite verschlagen od. verblättern; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, an welcher Stelle man ist

8) (step, stage)

in the first place — zuerst

why didn't you say so in the first place? — warum hast du das nicht gleich gesagt?

in the first/second/third etc. place — erstens/zweitens/drittens usw.

9) (proper place) Platz, der

everything fell into place — (fig.) alles wurde klar

a woman's place is in the home — eine Frau gehört ins Haus

the clamp is properly in place — die Klammer sitzt richtig

into place — fest[nageln, -schrauben, -kleben]

out of place — nicht am richtigen Platz; (several things) in Unordnung; (fig.) fehl am Platz

take the place of somebody — jemandes Platz einnehmen

10) (position in competition) Platz, der

take first/second etc. place — den ersten/zweiten usw. Platz belegen

11) (job, position, etc.) Stelle, die; (as pupil; in team, crew) Platz, der

12) (personal situation)

what would you do in my place? — was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?

put yourself in my place — versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage
2. transitive verb
1) (put) (vertically) stellen; (horizontally) legen

place in position — richtig hinstellen/hinlegen

place an announcement/advertisement in a paper — eine Anzeige/ein Inserat in eine Zeitung setzen

place a bet — auf ein Pferd wetten

2) (fig.)

place one's trust in somebody/something — sein Vertrauen auf od. in jemanden/etwas setzen

he places happiness above all other things — Glück steht für ihn an erster Stelle

3) in p.p. (situated) gelegen

a badly placed window — ein Fenster an einer ungünstigen Stelle

we are well placed for buses/shops — etc. wir haben es nicht weit zur Bushaltestelle/zum Einkaufen usw.

how are you placed for time/money? — (coll.) wie steht's mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld?

4) (find situation or home for) unterbringen ( with bei)

place somebody under somebody's care — jemanden in jemandes Obhut geben

5) (class, identify) einordnen; einstufen

I've seen him before but I can't place him — ich habe ihn schon einmal gesehen, aber ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen soll

be placed second in the race — im Rennen den zweiten Platz belegen

* * *
[pleis] 1. noun
1) (a particular spot or area: a quiet place in the country; I spent my holiday in various different places.) der Ort

2) (an empty space: There's a place for your books on this shelf.) der Platz

3) (an area or building with a particular purpose: a market-place.) der Platz

4) (a seat (in a theatre, train, at a table etc): He went to his place and sat down.) der Platz

5) (a position in an order, series, queue etc: She got the first place in the competition; I lost my place in the queue.) der Platz

6) (a person's position or level of importance in society etc: You must keep your secretary in her place.) der Platz

7) (a point in the text of a book etc: The wind was blowing the pages of my book and I kept losing my place.) die Stelle

8) (duty or right: It's not my place to tell him he's wrong.) die Aufgabe

9) (a job or position in a team, organization etc: He's got a place in the team; He's hoping for a place on the staff.) der Platz

10) (house; home: Come over to my place.) die Wohnung

11) ((often abbreviated to Pl. when written) a word used in the names of certain roads, streets or squares.) der Platz

12) (a number or one of a series of numbers following a decimal point: Make the answer correct to four decimal places.) die Stelle
2. verb
1) (to put: He placed it on the table; He was placed in command of the army.) stellen, setzen

2) (to remember who a person is: I know I've seen her before, but I can't quite place her.) einordnen

•

- place-name
- go places
- in the first
- second place
- in place
- in place of
- out of place
- put oneself in someone else's place
- put someone in his place
- put in his place
- take place
- take the place of
* * *

place

[pleɪs]

I. NOUN

1. (location) Ort m

I hate busy \places ich hasse Orte, an denen viel los ist

the hotel was one of those big, old-fashioned \places das Hotel war eines dieser großen altmodischen Häuser

we're staying at a bed-and-breakfast \place wir übernachten in einer Frühstückspension

let's go to a pizza \place lass uns eine Pizza essen gehen

this is the exact \place! das ist genau die Stelle!

this plant needs a warm, sunny \place diese Pflanze sollte an einem warmen, sonnigen Ort stehen

Scotland is a very nice \place Schottland ist ein tolles Land fam

that café is a nice \place dieses Café ist echt nett fam

a nice little \place at the seaside ein netter kleiner Ort am Meer

please put this book back in its \place bitte stell dieses Buch wieder an seinen Platz zurück

this is the \place my mother was born hier wurde meine Mutter geboren

sorry, I can't be in two \places at once tut mir leid, ich kann nicht überall gleichzeitig sein

\place of birth Geburtsort m

\place of custody Verwahrungsort m

\place of death Sterbeort m

\place of delivery Erfüllungsort m

\place of employment Arbeitsplatz m

\place of jurisdiction Gerichtsstand m

\place of performance Erfüllungsort m

\place of refuge Zufluchtsort m

\place of residence Wohnort m

a \place in the sun ( fig) ein Plätzchen an der Sonne

\place of work Arbeitsplatz m, Arbeitsstätte f

to go \places AM weit herumkommen, viel sehen

in \places stellenweise

this plant still exists in \places diese Pflanze kommt noch vereinzelt vor

2. no pl (appropriate setting) [geeigneter] Ort

this meeting isn't the \place to discuss individual cases diese Konferenz ist nicht der Ort, um Einzelfälle zu diskutieren

university was not the \place for me die Universität war irgendwie nicht mein Ding fam

that bar is not a \place for a woman like you Frauen wie du haben in solch einer Bar nichts verloren

3. (home)

I'm looking for a \place to live ich bin auf Wohnungssuche

we'll have a meeting at my \place/Susan's \place wir treffen uns bei mir/bei Susan

where's your \place? wo wohnst du?; ( fam)

your \place or mine? zu dir oder zu mir?

they're trying to buy a larger \place wir sind auf der Suche nach einer größeren Wohnung

4. ( fig: position, rank) Stellung f

she's got friends in high \places sie hat Freunde in hohen Positionen

they have a \place among the country's leading exporters sie zählen zu den führenden Exporteuren des Landes

it's not your \place to tell me what to do es steht dir nicht zu, mir zu sagen, was ich zu tun habe

I'm not criticizing you — I know my \place das ist keine Kritik — das würde ich doch nie wagen!

to keep sb in their \place jdn in seine Schranken weisen

to put sb in his/her \place [or show sb his/her \place] jdm zeigen, wo es langgeht fam

5. (instead of)

▪ in \place of stattdessen

you can use margarine in \place of butter statt Butter kannst du auch Margarine nehmen

I invited Jo in \place of Les, who was ill Les war krank, daher habe ich Jo eingeladen

6. (proper position)

▪ to be in \place an seinem Platz sein; ( fig: completed) fertig [o abgeschlossen] sein

the chairs were all in \place die Stühle waren alle dort, wo sie sein sollten; ( fig)

the arrangements are all in \place now die Vorbereitungen sind jetzt abgeschlossen; ( fig)

the new laws are now in \place die neuen Gesetze gelten jetzt; ( fig)

suddenly all fell into \place plötzlich machte alles Sinn

to be out of \place nicht an der richtigen Stelle sein; person fehl am Platz[e] sein; ( fig)

the large desk was totally out of \place in such a small room der große Schreibtisch war in solch einem kleinen Zimmer völlig deplatziert

what you've just said was completely out of \place was du da gerade gesagt hast, war völlig unangebracht

to push sth in \place etw in die richtige Position schieben

7. MATH (in decimals) Stelle f

to five \places of decimals bis auf fünf Stellen hinter dem Komma

8. (job, position) Stelle f; (in team) Platz m; (at university) Studienplatz m

your \place is here by my side du gehörst an meine Seite

to take the \place of sb jds Platz einnehmen

9. (in book) Stelle f

to find one's \place die [richtige] Stelle wiederfinden

to keep one's \place markieren, wo man gerade ist/war

to lose one's \place die Seite verblättern[, wo man gerade war]; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, wo man gerade ist

10. (seat) Platz m

is this \place taken? ist dieser Platz noch frei?

to change \places with sb mit jdm die Plätze tauschen

to keep sb's \place [or save sb a \place] jdm den Platz freihalten

to lay a/another \place ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

to take one's \place at table Platz nehmen

11. (position) Stelle f

just put yourself in my \place versetzen Sie sich doch mal in meine Lage!

if I were in your \place... ich an deiner Stelle...

what would you do in my \place? was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?

12. (ranking) Platz m, Position f

the song went from tenth to second \place in the charts das Lied stieg vom zehnten auf den zweiten Platz in den Charts

our team finished in second \place unsere Mannschaft wurde Zweiter

to take [or esp BRIT get] first/second \place Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden

to take first/second \place ( fig) an erster/zweiter Stelle kommen

their children always take first \place ihre Kinder stehen für sie immer an erster Stelle

in second \place auf dem zweiten Platz

13. SPORT

to get a \place sich akk platzieren; AM Zweite(r) werden

14. AM ( fam: somewhere)

I know I left that book some \place ich weiß, dass ich das Buch irgendwo gelassen habe

15.

▶ all over the \place (everywhere) überall; (badly organized) [völlig] chaotisch; (spread around) in alle Himmelsrichtungen zerstreut

▶ a \place for everything and everything in its \place ( prov) jedes Ding hat seinen Platz

▶ in the first \place (at first) zuerst; (at all) überhaupt

we shouldn't have got married in the first \place! wir hätten erst gar nicht heiraten dürfen!

but why didn't you say that in the first \place? aber warum hast du denn das nicht gleich gesagt?

▶ in the first/second \place (firstly, secondly) erstens/zweitens

▶ to give \place to sb/sth jdm/etw Platz machen

▶ to go \places ( fam) auf dem Weg nach oben sein

▶ to take \place stattfinden

▶ there is a \place and time for everything alles zu seiner Zeit

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (position)

▪ to \place sth somewhere etw irgendwohin stellen; (lay) etw irgendwohin legen

bowls of flowers had been \placed on tables auf den Tischen waren Blumenvasen aufgestellt

the Chancellor \placed a wreath on the tomb der Kanzler legte einen Kranz auf dem Grab nieder

she \placed her name on the list sie setzte ihren Namen auf die Liste

he \placed his hand on my shoulder er legte mir die Hand auf die Schulter

to \place an advertisement in the newspaper eine Anzeige in die Zeitung setzen

to \place sth on the agenda etw auf die Tagesordnung setzen

to \place a bet on sth auf etw akk wetten

to \place sb under sb's care jdn in jds Obhut geben

to \place a comma ein Komma setzen

to \place one foot in front of the other einen Fuß vor den anderen setzen

to \place a gun at sb's head jdn eine Pistole an den Kopf setzen

to \place money on sth Geld auf etw akk setzen

▪ to be \placed shop, town liegen

2. (impose)

to \place an embargo on sb/sth über jdn/etw ein Embargo verhängen

to \place a limit [or ceiling] on sth etw begrenzen

to \place ten pounds/half a million on sth etw mit zehn Pfund/einer halben Million veranschlagen

3. (ascribe)

to \place the blame on sb jdm die Schuld geben

to \place one's faith [or trust] in sb/sth sein Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen

to \place one's hopes on sb/sth seine Hoffnungen auf jdn/etw setzen

to \place importance on sth auf etw akk Wert legen

... and she \placed the emphasis on the word ‘soon’... und die Betonung lag auf ‚schnell‘

he \placed stress on every second syllable er betonte jede zweite Silbe

4. (arrange for)

to \place a call ein Telefongespräch anmelden

to \place sth at sb's disposal jdm etw überlassen

5. (appoint to a position)

▪ to \place sb/sth somewhere jdn/etw irgendwo unterbringen [o SCHWEIZ platzieren]

to \place sb on [the] alert jdn in Alarmbereitschaft versetzen

to \place sb under arrest jdn festnehmen

to \place sb in charge [of sth] jdm die Leitung [von etw dat] übertragen

to \place sb in jeopardy jdn in Gefahr bringen

to \place sb under pressure jdn unter Druck setzen

to \place a strain on sb/sth jdn/etw belasten

to \place staff Personal unterbringen [o vermitteln]

to \place sb under surveillance jdn unter Beobachtung stellen

the town was \placed under the control of UN peacekeeping troops die Stadt wurde unter die Aufsicht der UN-Friedenstruppen gestellt

6. (recognize)

▪ to \place sb/sth face, person, voice, accent jdn/etw einordnen

7. (categorize, rank)

▪ to \place sb/sth jdn/etw einordnen

to be \placed SPORT sich akk platzieren; AM unter die ersten zwei kommen

to be \placed first/second SPORT Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden

▪ to \place sth above [or before] [or over] sth etw über etw akk stellen

sb \places sth above all other things etw steht bei jdm an erster Stelle

I'd \place him among the world's ten most brilliant scientists für mich ist er einer der zehn hervorragendsten Wissenschaftler der Welt

they \placed the painting in the Renaissance sie ordneten das Bild der Renaissance zu

8. ECON

▪ to \place sth goods etw absetzen

to \place an order for sth etw bestellen

to \place an order with a firm einer Firma einen Auftrag erteilen

9. passive (good position)

▪ to be well \placed for sth für etw akk eine gute Ausgangsposition haben

we're well \placed for the shops wir haben es nicht weit zum Einkaufen fam

to be well \placed financially finanziell gut dastehen

to be well \placed to watch sth von seinem Platz aus etw gut sehen können

10. passive (have at disposal)

▪ to be well \placed for sth:

how \placed are you for time/money? wie sieht es mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld aus?

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

SPORT sich akk platzieren; AM also (finish second) Zweite(r) werden

* * *
[pleɪs]
1. NOUN

1) general Platz m, Stelle f

this is the place where he was born —

do the spoons have a special place? — haben die Löffel einen bestimmten Platz?

water is coming through in several places — an mehreren Stellen kommt Wasser durch

from place to place — von einem Ort zum anderen

in another place — woanders

bed is the best place for him — im Bett ist er am besten aufgehoben

we found a good place to watch the procession from — wir fanden einen Platz, von dem wir den Umzug gut sehen konnten

in the right/wrong place — an der richtigen/falschen Stelle

some/any place — irgendwo

a poor man with no place to go — ein armer Mann, der nicht weiß, wohin

this is no place for you/children —

there is no place for the unsuccessful in our society your place is by his side — für Erfolglose ist in unserer Gesellschaft kein Platz dein Platz ist an seiner Seite

it was the last place I expected to find him — da hätte ich ihn zuletzt or am wenigsten vermutet

this isn't the place to discuss politics — dies ist nicht der Ort, um über Politik zu sprechen

to laugh in the right places — an den richtigen Stellen lachen

I can't be in two places at once! —

she likes to have a place for everything and everything in its place — sie hält sehr auf Ordnung und achtet darauf, dass alles an seinem Platz liegt

2) = geographical location = district Gegend f; (= country) Land nt; (= building) Gebäude nt; (= town) Ort m

there's nothing to do in the evenings in this place —

Sweden's a great place they're building a new place out in the suburbs — Schweden ist ein tolles Land sie bauen ein neues Gebäude am Stadtrand

3) = home Haus nt, Wohnung f

come round to my place some time — besuch mich mal, komm doch mal vorbei

let's go back to my place — lass uns zu mir gehen

I've never been to his place — ich bin noch nie bei ihm gewesen

where's your place? — wo wohnst du?

at Peter's place — bei Peter

your place or mine? (hum inf) — gehen wir zu dir oder zu mir?

4) in book etc Stelle f

to find one's place — die richtige Stelle finden

to keep one's place — sich (dat) die richtige Stelle markieren

to lose one's place — die Seite verblättern; (on page) die Zeile verlieren

5) = seat, position at table, in team, school, hospital Platz m; (at university) Studienplatz m; (= job) Stelle f

to lay an extra place for sb — ein zusätzliches Gedeck für jdn auflegen

to take one's place (at table) —

take your places for a square dance! — Aufstellung zur Quadrille, bitte!

places for 500 students — 500 Studienplätze

to give up one's place (in a queue) — jdm den Vortritt lassen

to lose one's place (in a queue) — sich wieder hinten anstellen müssen

if I were in your place — an Ihrer Stelle, wenn ich an Ihrer Stelle wäre

put yourself in my place — versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage

to take the place of sb/sth — jdn/etw ersetzen, jds Platz or den Platz von jdm/etw einnehmen

6) in hierarchy Rang m, Stellung f

people in high places — Leute in hohen Positionen

to know one's place — wissen, was sich (für einen) gehört

of course I'm not criticizing you, I know my place! (hum) — ich kritisiere dich selbstverständlich nicht, das steht mir gar nicht zu

it's not my place to comment/tell him what to do — es steht mir nicht zu, einen Kommentar abzugeben/ihm zu sagen, was er tun soll

to keep or put sb in his place — jdn in seine Schranken weisen

that put him in his place! — das hat ihn erst mal zum Schweigen gebracht, da hab ichs/hat ers etc ihm gezeigt (inf)

7) in exam, competition Platz m, Stelle f

Lunt won, with Moore in second place — Lunt hat gewonnen, an zweiter Stelle or auf dem zweiten Platz lag Moore

to win first place — Erste(r, s) sein

to take second place to sth — einer Sache (dat) gegenüber zweitrangig sein

8) SPORT Platzierung f

to get a place —

to back a horse for a place — auf Platz wetten, eine Platzwette abschließen

9) in street names Platz m

10) MATH Stelle f

to work sth out to three decimal places — etw auf drei Stellen nach dem Komma berechnen

11)

set structures __diams; place of + noun place of amusement — Vergnügungsstätte f

place of birth — Geburtsort m

place of residence — Wohnort m

place of business or work — Arbeitsstelle f __diams; in places stellenweise

the snow was up to a metre deep in places — der Schnee lag stellenweise bis zu einem Meter hoch

everything was in place — alles war an seiner Stelle

make sure the wire/screw is properly in place — achten Sie darauf, dass der Draht/die Schraube richtig sitzt

the legislation is already in place — die gesetzlichen Regelungen gelten schon

to look out of place —

to feel out of place — sich fehl am Platz or deplatziert fühlen

not a hair out of place — tipptopp frisiert (inf)

McCormack played in goal in place of Miller — McCormack stand anstelle von Miller im Tor __diams; to fall into place Gestalt annehmen

in the first place..., in the second place... — erstens..., zweitens...

the meeting will take place on Monday — das Treffen findet am Montag statt

he's going places (fig inf) — er bringts zu was (inf) __diams; to give place to sth einer Sache (dat) Platz machen

2. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) = put setzen, stellen; (= lay down) legen; person at table etc setzen; guards aufstellen; shot (with gun) anbringen; (FTBL, TENNIS) platzieren; troops in Stellung bringen; announcement (in paper) inserieren (in in +dat); advertisement setzen (in in +acc)

the magician placed one hand over the other — der Zauberer legte eine Hand über die andere

she slowly placed one foot in front of the other —

he placed the cue ball right behind the black he placed a gun to my head — er setzte die Spielkugel direkt hinter die schwarze Kugel er setzte mir eine Pistole an den Kopf

she placed a finger on her lips —

the vase was precariously placed — die Vase stand an einer gefährlichen Stelle

to place a matter before sb — jdm eine Angelegenheit vorlegen

I shall place the matter in the hands of a lawyer — ich werde die Angelegenheit einem Rechtsanwalt übergeben

to place a strain on sth — etw belasten

this placed him under a lot of pressure — dadurch geriet er stark unter Druck

to place confidence/trust in sb/sth — Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen

to be placed (shop, town, house etc) — liegen

how are you placed for time/money? — wie sieht es mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld aus?

we are well placed for the shops — was Einkaufsmöglichkeiten angeht, wohnen wir günstig

Liverpool are well placed in the league — Liverpool liegt gut in der Tabelle

they were well placed to observe the whole battle — sie hatten einen günstigen Platz, von dem sie die ganze Schlacht verfolgen konnten

we are well placed now to finish the job by next year —

with the extra staff we are better placed now than we were last month — mit dem zusätzlichen Personal stehen wir jetzt besser da als vor einem Monat

he is well placed (to get hold of things) — er sitzt an der Quelle

he is well placed to get information — er kommt leicht an Informationen

2) = rank stellen

to place local interests above or before or over those of central government — kommunale Interessen über die der Zentralregierung stellen

that should be placed first — das sollte an erster Stelle stehen

where do you place love on your list of priorities? — an welcher Stelle steht die Liebe für dich?

the German runner was placed third — der deutsche Läufer belegte den dritten Platz or wurde Dritter

to be placed (Sport) — sich platzieren

3) = identify context of einordnen

in which school would you place this painting? —

I don't know, it's very difficult to place I can't quite place him/his accent — ich weiß es nicht, es ist sehr schwer einzuordnen ich kann ihn/seinen Akzent nicht einordnen

historians place the book in the 5th century AD — Historiker datieren das Buch auf das 5. Jahrhundert

4) COMM goods absetzen; order erteilen (with sb jdm); contract abschließen (with sb mit jdm)

who did you place the computer typesetting job with? —

this is the last time we place any work with you — das ist das letzte Mal, dass wir Ihnen einen Auftrag erteilt haben

5) money (= deposit) deponieren; (= invest) investieren

to place money at sb's credit — jdm eine Geldsumme gutschreiben

6) phone call anmelden

7) = find job for unterbringen (with bei)

the agency is trying to place him with a building firm — die Agentur versucht, ihn bei einer Baufirma unterzubringen

* * *

place [pleıs]

A s

1. Ort m, Stelle f, Platz m:

from place to place von Ort zu Ort;

in places stellenweise;

the goalkeeper was exactly in the right place SPORT der Torhüter stand goldrichtig;

all over the place umg überall;

his hair was all over the place umg er war ganz zerzaust;

come to the wrong place an die falsche Adresse geraten;

keep sb’s place jemandem seinen Platz frei halten ( in a queue in einer Schlange);

lay a place for sb für jemanden decken;

take place stattfinden;

win a place in the semifinals SPORT ins Halbfinale einziehen, sich fürs Halbfinale qualifizieren; → safe A 1

2. (mit adj) Stelle f:

a wet place on the floor

3. (eingenommene) Stelle:

take sb’s place

a) jemandes Stelle einnehmen,

b) jemanden vertreten;

take the place of ersetzen, an die Stelle treten von (od gen);

in place of anstelle von (od gen);

if I were in your place I would … ich an Ihrer Stelle würde …; wenn ich Sie wäre, würde ich …;

put yourself in my place versetzen Sie sich (doch einmal) in meine Lage!

4. Platz m (Raum):

give place (to) Platz machen (für oder dat) (a. fig), nachgeben (dat)

5. (richtiger oder ordnungsgemäßer) Platz (auch fig): in his library every book has its place hat jedes Buch seinen Platz;

find one’s place sich zurechtfinden;

know one’s place wissen, wohin man gehört;

in (out of) place (nicht) am (richtigen) Platz;

this remark was out of place diese Bemerkung war deplatziert oder unangebracht;

feel out of place sich fehl am Platz fühlen;

this is not the place for

a) das oder hier ist nicht der (geeignete) Ort für,

b) das ist nicht der richtige Zeitpunkt für;

such people have no place in our club für solche Leute ist kein Platz in unserem Verein;

put sth back in its place etwas (an seinen Platz) zurücklegen oder -stellen;

put sb back in their place jemanden in die oder seine Schranken verweisen; → click¹ B 4, fall into 1, slot¹ C

6. Ort m, Stätte f:

one of the best places to eat eines der besten Restaurants oder Speiselokale;

place of amusement Vergnügungsstätte;

place of birth Geburtsort;

place of interest Sehenswürdigkeit f;

place of work Arbeitsplatz m, -stelle f;

place of worship

a) Kultstätte,

b) Gotteshaus n;

go places

a) ausgehen,

b) (umher)reisen,

c) fig es zu etwas bringen; → assembly 1

7. WIRTSCH Ort m, Platz m, Sitz m:

place of business Geschäftssitz;

place of delivery Erfüllungsort;

place of jurisdiction Gerichtsstand m;

place of payment Zahlungsort;

from this place ab hier; → destination 1

8. Haus n, Wohnung f:

at his place bei ihm (zu Hause);

he came over to my place yesterday er kam gestern zu mir;

your place or mine? umg bei dir od bei mir?

9. Ort(schaft) m(f):

in this place hier;

Munich is a nice place to live in München lebt man angenehm oder lässt es sich angenehm leben; → exile A 1

10. Gegend f:

of this place hiesig

11. THEAT Ort m (der Handlung)

12. umg Lokal n:

go to a Greek place zum Griechen gehen

13. SCHIFF Platz m, Hafen m:

place of tran(s)shipment Umschlagplatz;

place of call Anlaufhafen

14. Raum m (Ggs Zeit)

15. Stelle f (in einem Buch etc):

lose one’s place die Seite verblättern oder verschlagen;

I’ve lost my place auch ich weiß nicht mehr, wo (an welcher Stelle) ich war;

the audience laughed in the right places an den richtigen Stellen

16. MATH (Dezimal) Stelle f:

of many places vielstellig;

place value Stellenwert m

17. Platz m, Stelle f (in einer Reihenfolge):

in the first place

a) an erster Stelle, erstens, zuerst, als Erst(er, e, es),

b) in erster Linie,

c) überhaupt (erst),

d) ursprünglich;

why did you do it in the first place? warum haben Sie es überhaupt getan?;

you should not have done it in the first place Sie hätten es von vornherein bleiben lassen sollen;

why didn’t you admit it in the first place? warum hast du es nicht gleich zugegeben?;

in the last place an letzter Stelle, zuletzt, als letzt(er, e, es); schließlich; → second¹ A 1

18. SPORT etc Platz m:

in third place auf dem dritten Platz;

take third place den dritten Platz belegen; → second¹ A 1

19. (Sitz)Platz m, Sitz m:

take your places nehmen Sie Ihre Plätze ein!

20. a) (An)Stellung f, (Arbeits)Stelle f, Posten m:

out of place stellenlos

b) UNIV Studienplatz m

21. Amt n:

a) Dienst m:

in place im Amt (Minister etc), im Staatsdienst

b) fig Aufgabe f, Pflicht f:

it is not my place to do this es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, dies zu tun

22. (soziale) Stellung, Stand m, Rang m:

in high places an hoher Stelle;

persons in high places hochstehende Persönlichkeiten

23. fig Grund m:

there’s no place for doubt es besteht kein Grund zu zweifeln

B v/t

1. stellen, setzen, legen (alle auch fig):

place together Tische etc zusammenstellen;

place a call ein (Telefon)Gespräch anmelden;

place a coffin einen Sarg aufbahren;

place in order zurechtstellen, ordnen;

place sb in a difficult place jemanden in eine schwierige Lage bringen;

he places hono(u)r above wealth ihm ist Ehre wichtiger als Reichtum;

place on record aufzeichnen, (schriftlich) festhalten;

he placed a ring on her finger er steckte ihr einen Ring an den Finger; (siehe die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven);

the referee was well placed SPORT der Schiedsrichter stand günstig

2. Posten etc aufstellen:

place o.s. sich aufstellen oder postieren

3. I can’t place him ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen oder wohin ich ihn tun soll (woher ich ihn kenne)

4. einen Wohnungssuchenden etc unterbringen ( with bei), einen Arbeitssuchenden auch vermitteln

5. jemanden ein-, anstellen

6. jemanden ernennen oder in ein Amt einsetzen

7. (der Lage nach) näher bestimmen

8. WIRTSCH

a) eine Anleihe, Kapital unterbringen

b) (with) Aufträge erteilen (dat), vergeben (an akk), eine Bestellung aufgeben (bei)

c) einen Vertrag, eine Versicherung abschließen:

place an issue eine Emission unterbringen oder platzieren

9. Ware absetzen

10. a) be placed SPORT sich platzieren, platziert sein, unter den ersten drei sein:

be placed 6th sich an 6. Stelle platzieren

b) how are you placed for money? bes Br wie sieht es bei dir finanziell aus?

11. SPORT

a) den Ball platzieren

b) Rugby: ein Tor mit einem Platztritt schießen

12. ELEK schalten:

place in parallel parallel schalten

C v/i SPORT US

a) → B 10 a

b) den zweiten Platz belegen

pl. abk

1. place Pl.

2. plate

3. plural Pl.

* * *
1. noun
1) Ort, der; (spot) Stelle, die; Platz, der

I left it in a safe place — ich habe es an einem sicheren Ort gelassen

it was still in the same place — es war noch an derselben Stelle od. am selben Platz

a place in the queue — ein Platz in der Schlange

all over the place — überall; (coll.): (in a mess) ganz durcheinander (ugs.)

from place to place — von Ort zu Ort

in places — hier und da; (in parts) stellenweise

find a place in something — (be included) in etwas (Akk.) eingehen; see also take 1. 4)

2) (fig.): (rank, position) Stellung, die

put somebody in his place — jemanden in seine Schranken weisen

know one's place — wissen, was sich für einen gehört

it's not my place to do that — es kommt mir nicht zu, das zu tun

3) (building or area for specific purpose)

a [good] place to park/to stop — ein [guter] Platz zum Parken/eine [gute] Stelle zum Halten

do you know a good/cheap place to eat? — weißt du, wo man gut/billig essen kann?

place of residence — Wohnort, der

place of work — Arbeitsplatz, der; Arbeitsstätte, die

place of worship — Andachtsort, der

4) (country, town) Ort, der

Paris/Italy is a great place — Paris ist eine tolle Stadt/Italien ist ein tolles Land (ugs.)

place of birth — Geburtsort, der

go places — (coll.) herumkommen (ugs.); (fig.) es [im Leben] zu was bringen (ugs.)

5) (coll.): (premises) Bude, die (ugs.); (hotel, restaurant, etc.) Laden, der (ugs.)

she is at his/John's place — sie ist bei ihm/John

[shall we go to] your place or mine? — [gehen wir] zu dir oder zu mir?

6) (seat etc.) [Sitz]platz, der

change places [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] die Plätze tauschen; (fig.) [mit jemandem] tauschen

lay a/another place — ein/noch ein Gedeck auflegen

is this anyone's place? — ist dieser Platz noch frei?

7) (in book etc.) Stelle, die

lose one's place — die Seite verschlagen od. verblättern; (on page) nicht mehr wissen, an welcher Stelle man ist

8) (step, stage)

in the first place — zuerst

why didn't you say so in the first place? — warum hast du das nicht gleich gesagt?

in the first/second/third etc. place — erstens/zweitens/drittens usw.

9) (proper place) Platz, der

everything fell into place — (fig.) alles wurde klar

a woman's place is in the home — eine Frau gehört ins Haus

the clamp is properly in place — die Klammer sitzt richtig

into place — fest[nageln, -schrauben, -kleben]

out of place — nicht am richtigen Platz; (several things) in Unordnung; (fig.) fehl am Platz

take the place of somebody — jemandes Platz einnehmen

10) (position in competition) Platz, der

take first/second etc. place — den ersten/zweiten usw. Platz belegen

11) (job, position, etc.) Stelle, die; (as pupil; in team, crew) Platz, der

12) (personal situation)

what would you do in my place? — was würden Sie an meiner Stelle tun?

put yourself in my place — versetzen Sie sich in meine Lage
2. transitive verb
1) (put) (vertically) stellen; (horizontally) legen

place in position — richtig hinstellen/hinlegen

place an announcement/advertisement in a paper — eine Anzeige/ein Inserat in eine Zeitung setzen

place a bet — auf ein Pferd wetten

2) (fig.)

place one's trust in somebody/something — sein Vertrauen auf od. in jemanden/etwas setzen

he places happiness above all other things — Glück steht für ihn an erster Stelle

3) in p.p. (situated) gelegen

a badly placed window — ein Fenster an einer ungünstigen Stelle

we are well placed for buses/shops — etc. wir haben es nicht weit zur Bushaltestelle/zum Einkaufen usw.

how are you placed for time/money? — (coll.) wie steht's mit deiner Zeit/deinem Geld?

4) (find situation or home for) unterbringen ( with bei)

place somebody under somebody's care — jemanden in jemandes Obhut geben

5) (class, identify) einordnen; einstufen

I've seen him before but I can't place him — ich habe ihn schon einmal gesehen, aber ich weiß nicht, wo ich ihn unterbringen soll

be placed second in the race — im Rennen den zweiten Platz belegen

* * *

n.

Ort -e m.

Ortschaft f.

Platzierung f.

Plazierung (alt.Rechtschreibung) f.

Plazierung f.

Stelle -n f.

Stätte -n f. v.

platzieren v.

plazieren (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.

English-german dictionary > place
6 put

put [pʊt]

mettre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c)-(f), 1 (i) dire ⇒ 1 (g) soumettre ⇒ 1 (h) placer ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (l) investir ⇒ 1 (k), 1 (l) miser ⇒ 1 (m)

(pt & pp put, cont putting)

1 transitive verb

(a) (into specified place or position) mettre;

∎ put the saucepan on the shelf mets la casserole sur l'étagère;

∎ she put her hand on my shoulder elle a mis sa main sur mon épaule;

∎ put the chairs nearer the table approche les chaises de la table;

∎ he put his arm around my shoulders il passa son bras autour de mes épaules;

∎ she put her arms around him elle l'a pris dans ses bras;

∎ to put one's head round the door/through the window passer la tête par la porte/par la fenêtre;

∎ did you put any salt in? as-tu mis du sel (dedans)?;

∎ put some more water on to boil remettez de l'eau à chauffer;

∎ he put another brick on the pile il a mis une autre brique sur la pile;

∎ to put a coin/a letter/a gun into sb's hand glisser ou mettre une pièce/une lettre/un revolver dans la main de qn;

∎ she put a match to the wood elle a allumé le bois;

∎ to put an advert in the paper mettre une annonce dans le journal;

∎ they want to put me in an old folks' home ils veulent me mettre dans une maison pour les vieux;

∎ to put a child to bed mettre un enfant au lit, coucher un enfant;

∎ to put a man on the moon envoyer un homme sur la lune;

∎ he put the telescope to his eye il a porté la longue-vue à son œil;

∎ to put honour before riches préférer l'honneur à l'argent;

∎ to put a play on the stage monter une pièce;

∎ to put a guard on the door faire surveiller la porte;

∎ figurative I didn't know where to put myself! je ne savais plus où me mettre!;

∎ put yourself in my position or place mettez-vous à ma place;

∎ to put oneself into sb's hands s'en remettre à qn;

∎ put it out of your mind or head sors-le-toi de la tête;

∎ I had long put this thought out of my mind ça faisait longtemps que je m'étais sorti cette idée de la tête;

∎ we put a lot of emphasis on creativity nous mettons beaucoup l'accent sur la créativité;

∎ don't put too much trust in what he says ne te fie pas trop à ce qu'il dit;

∎ familiar put it there! (shake hands) tope-là!, serrons-nous la pince!

(b) (push or send forcefully)

∎ he put his fist through the window il a passé son poing à travers le carreau;

∎ he put a bullet through his head il s'est mis une balle dans la tête;

∎ she put her pen through the whole paragraph elle a rayé tout le paragraphe d'un coup de stylo

(c) (impose → limit, responsibility, tax) mettre;

∎ to put a ban on sth interdire qch;

∎ it puts an extra burden on our department c'est un fardeau de plus pour notre service;

∎ the new tax will put 5p on a packet of cigarettes la nouvelle taxe augmentera de 5 pence le prix d'un paquet de cigarettes

(d) (into specified state) mettre;

∎ you're putting me in an awkward position vous me mettez dans une situation délicate;

∎ I hope I've not put you to too much trouble j'espère que je ne vous ai pas trop dérangé;

∎ music always puts him in a good mood la musique le met toujours de bonne humeur;

∎ the new rules will be put into effect next month le nouveau règlement entrera en vigueur le mois prochain;

∎ to put sb out of a job mettre qn au chômage;

∎ to put a prisoner on bread and water mettre un prisonnier au pain sec et à l'eau;

∎ the money will be put to good use l'argent sera bien employé;

∎ to put sb to sleep endormir qn;

∎ euphemism the dog had to be put to sleep il a fallu piquer le chien

(e) (write down) mettre, écrire;

∎ I forgot to put my address j'ai oublié de mettre mon adresse;

∎ what date shall I put? quelle date est-ce que je mets?

(f) (bring about)

∎ to put an end or a stop to sth mettre fin ou un terme à qch

(g) (say, express) dire, exprimer;

∎ I wouldn't put it quite like that je ne dirais pas cela;

∎ I don't know how to put it je ne sais comment dire;

∎ to put one's thoughts into words exprimer sa pensée, s'exprimer;

∎ let me put it this way laissez-moi l'exprimer ainsi;

∎ it was, how shall I put it, rather long c'était, comment dirais-je, un peu long;

∎ to put it another way,… en d'autres termes,…;

∎ he put it better than that il l'a dit ou formulé mieux que ça;

∎ you could have put that better tu aurais pu tourner cela un peu mieux;

∎ she put it politely but firmly elle l'a dit poliment mais clairement;

∎ as Churchill once put it comme l'a dit Churchill un jour;

∎ to put it briefly or simply, they refused bref ou en un mot, ils ont refusé;

∎ to put it bluntly pour parler franc;

∎ putting it in terms you'll understand… plus simplement, pour que vous compreniez…

(h) (present, submit → suggestion, question) soumettre; (→ motion) proposer, présenter;

∎ to put a proposal to the board présenter une proposition au conseil d'administration;

∎ he put his case very well il a très bien présenté son cas;

∎ I have a question to put to the Prime Minister j'ai une question à soumettre au Premier ministre;

∎ Law I put it to you that… n'est-il pas vrai que…?;

∎ I put it to the delegates that now is the time to act je tiens à dire aux délégués que c'est maintenant qu'il faut agir

(i) (class, rank) placer, mettre;

∎ I wouldn't put them in the same class as the Beatles je ne les mettrais ou placerais pas dans la même catégorie que les Beatles;

∎ I put my family above my job je fais passer ma famille avant mon travail

(j) (set to work)

∎ to put sb to work mettre qn au travail;

∎ they put her on the Jones case ils l'ont mise sur l'affaire Jones

(k) (devote → effort) investir, consacrer;

∎ to put a lot of time/energy into sth consacrer beaucoup de temps/d'énergie à qch, investir beaucoup de temps/d'énergie dans qch;

∎ she puts more into their relationship than he does elle s'investit plus que lui dans leur relation;

∎ to put a lot of work into sth/doing sth beaucoup travailler à qch/pour faire qch;

∎ Sport he put everything he had into his first service il a tout mis dans son premier service

(l) (invest → money) placer, investir;

∎ she had put all her savings into property elle avait investi ou placé toutes ses économies dans l'immobilier

(m) (bet) miser, parier;

∎ to put money on a horse miser ou parier sur un cheval;

∎ he put all his winnings on the red il misa tous ses gains sur le rouge

(n) Sport

∎ to put the shot lancer le poids

(o) Nautical

∎ to put a ship into port rentrer un bateau au port

2 intransitive verb

∎ Nautical to put to sea lever l'ancre, appareiller;

∎ they had to put back into harbour ils ont dû rentrer au port;

∎ we put into port at Bombay nous avons relâché ou fait relâche à Bombay

3 noun

(a) Sport lancer m (du poids);

∎ his third put son troisième lancer

(b) Stock Exchange option f de vente, put m;

∎ put and call stellage m, double option f

►► Stock Exchange put band période f de validité d'une option de vente;

Stock Exchange put bond emprunt m à fenêtre;

Stock Exchange put option option f de vente;

Stock Exchange put warrant warrant m à la vente

➲ put about

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (spread → gossip, story) faire courir; (→ rumour) faire circuler;

∎ to put it about that… faire circuler le bruit que…;

∎ it is being put about that he intends resigning le bruit court qu'il a l'intention de démissionner

(b) Nautical

∎ to put a boat about virer de bord

(c) familiar

∎ to put it or oneself about (be promiscuous) coucher à droite à gauche

2 intransitive verb

Nautical virer de bord

➲ put across separable transitive verb

(a) (communicate → gen) faire comprendre; (→ feeling) communiquer;

∎ to put sth across to sb faire comprendre qch à qn;

∎ I don't know how to put the argument across to them je ne sais pas comment leur faire comprendre cet argument;

∎ she knows how to put her ideas across elle sait bien faire passer ses idées;

∎ she's good at putting herself across elle sait se mettre en valeur

(b) British familiar

∎ to put one across on sb avoir qn, rouler qn;

∎ don't try putting anything across on me! ne me prends pas pour un imbécile!

➲ put around separable transitive verb

= put about separable transitive verb (a)

➲ put aside separable transitive verb

(a) (book, piece of work) mettre de côté, poser

(b) (disregard, ignore) écarter, laisser de côté;

∎ let's put aside our differences of opinion for the moment laissons nos différends de côté pour le moment;

∎ put aside all gloomy thoughts oublie toutes ces pensées maussades

(c) (save, keep) mettre de côté;

∎ we have a little money put aside nous avons un peu d'argent de côté

➲ put at separable transitive verb

(estimate) estimer;

∎ they put the cost of repairs to the bridge at around $10,000 ils estiment le montant des réparations du pont à environ 10 000 dollars;

∎ I wouldn't have put her (age) at more than twenty-five je ne lui aurais pas donné plus de vingt-cinq ans;

∎ what would you put it at? quelle est votre estimation?

➲ put away separable transitive verb

(a) (tidy) ranger; (return to its place) remettre à sa place; (car) garer;

∎ put your toys away! range tes jouets!;

∎ put your money/wallet away (I'm paying) range ton argent/ton portefeuille

(b) (save) mettre de côté;

∎ I have a few pounds put away j'ai un peu d'argent de côté, j'ai quelques économies;

∎ to put something away for one's old age mettre quelque chose de côté pour sa retraite

(c) familiar (lock up → in prison) coffrer; (→ in mental home) enfermer^□

(d) familiar (eat) enfourner, s'envoyer; (drink) descendre, écluser;

∎ he can really put it away! (food) il a un sacré appétit!; (drink) qu'est-ce qu'il descend!

➲ put back

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (replace, return) remettre;

∎ put that record back where you found it! remets ce disque où tu l'as trouvé!

(b) (postpone) remettre;

∎ the meeting has been put back to Thursday la réunion a été repoussée ou remise à jeudi

(c) (slow down, delay) retarder;

∎ the strike has put our schedule back at least a month la grève nous a fait perdre au moins un mois sur notre planning

(d) (turn back → clock) retarder;

∎ we put the clocks back next weekend le week-end prochain, on passe à l'heure d'hiver;

∎ figurative this decision has put the clock back cette décision nous a ramenés en arrière

(e) familiar (drink) descendre, écluser

2 intransitive verb

∎ Nautical to put back (to port) rentrer au port

➲ put by separable transitive verb

(save → money) mettre de côté; (→ supplies) mettre en réserve;

∎ have you got anything put by? avez-vous un peu d'argent de côté?

➲ put down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (on table, floor etc) poser;

∎ put that knife down at once! pose ce couteau tout de suite!;

∎ put me down! lâche-moi!;

∎ put that down! laisse (ça)!;

∎ to put the phone down raccrocher;

∎ he put the phone down on me il m'a raccroché au nez;

∎ it's one of those books you just can't put down c'est un de ces livres que tu ne peux pas poser avant de l'avoir fini;

∎ I couldn't put it down (book) je l'ai lu d'un trait

(b) (drop off → passenger) déposer, laisser

(c) (write down) écrire, inscrire; (enrol, enter on list) inscrire;

∎ put down your name and address écrivez votre nom et votre adresse;

∎ she put us down as Mr and Mrs Smith elle nous a inscrits sous le nom de M. et Mme Smith;

∎ it's never been put down in writing ça n'a jamais été mis par écrit;

∎ I can put it down as expenses je peux le faire passer dans mes notes de frais

(d) (on agenda) inscrire à l'ordre du jour;

∎ to put down a motion of no confidence déposer une motion de censure

(e) (quell) réprimer, étouffer;

∎ the revolt was put down by armed police la révolte a été réprimée par les forces de police

(f) (belittle) rabaisser, critiquer;

∎ he's always putting students down il passe son temps à critiquer les étudiants;

∎ you shouldn't put yourself down tu ne devrais pas te sous-estimer

(g) British euphemism (kill)

∎ to have a cat/dog put down faire piquer un chat/chien

(h) (pay as deposit) verser;

∎ I've already put £50 down on the sofa j'ai déjà versé 50 livres pour le canapé

(i) (store → wine) mettre en cave

(j) (put to bed → baby) coucher

(k) (land → plane) poser

(l) (close → umbrella) fermer

2 intransitive verb

(land → plane, pilot) atterrir, se poser

➲ put down as separable transitive verb

classer parmi;

∎ I think they'd put me down as a mere amateur je crois qu'ils me classeraient parmi les simples amateurs

➲ put down for separable transitive verb

inscrire pour;

∎ put me down for £20 inscrivez-moi pour 20 livres;

∎ I'll put you down for Thursday at three o'clock je vous mets jeudi à trois heures;

∎ they've already put their son down for public school ils ont déjà inscrit leur fils dans une école privée

➲ put down to separable transitive verb

mettre sur le compte de;

∎ you can't put all the country's problems down to inflation vous ne pouvez pas mettre tous les problèmes du pays sur le compte de l'inflation;

∎ I put it down to her stubbornness je mets ça sur le compte de son entêtement;

∎ we'll have to put it down to experience au moins on a appris quelque chose

➲ put forth inseparable transitive verb

(a) literary (sprout → shoots, leaves) produire

(b) formal (state → argument, reason) avancer

➲ put forward separable transitive verb

(a) (suggest → proposal, idea, hypothesis) avancer; (→ candidate) proposer;

∎ she put her name forward for the post of treasurer elle a posé sa candidature au poste de trésorière;

∎ to put one's best foot forward (walk faster) presser le pas; figurative se mettre en devoir de faire de son mieux

(b) (turn forward → clock, hands of clock) avancer;

∎ we put the clocks forward next weekend le week-end prochain, on passe à l'heure d'été

(c) (bring forward) avancer;

∎ the meeting has been put forward to early next week la réunion a été avancée au début de la semaine prochaine

➲ put in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (place inside bag, container, cupboard etc) mettre dans;

∎ he put the eggs in the fridge il a mis les œufs dans le réfrigérateur;

∎ to put one's contact lenses in mettre ses lentilles de contact;

∎ to put one's head in at the window passer la tête par la fenêtre;

∎ Sport (in rugby) to put the ball in remettre la balle en jeu

(b) (insert, include) insérer, inclure;

∎ have you put in the episode about the rabbit? as-tu inclus l'épisode du lapin?

(c) (interject) placer;

∎ her name was Alicia, the woman put in elle s'appelait Alicia, ajouta la femme

(d) (install) installer;

∎ we're having central heating put in nous faisons installer le chauffage central;

∎ the voters put the Tories in les électeurs ont mis les conservateurs au pouvoir;

∎ they've put in a new manager at the factory ils ont nommé un nouveau directeur à l'usine

(e) (devote → time) passer;

∎ I've put in a lot of work on that car j'ai beaucoup travaillé sur cette voiture;

∎ I put in a few hours' revision before supper j'ai passé quelques heures à réviser avant le dîner;

∎ to put in an hour's work faire une heure de travail;

∎ to put in a full day at the office passer toute la journée au bureau;

∎ you only get out what you put in on ne récolte que ce qu'on sème

(f) (submit → request, demand) déposer, soumettre;

∎ they put in a claim for a 10 percent pay rise ils ont déposé une demande d'augmentation de salaire de 10 pour cent;

∎ to put in an application for a job déposer sa candidature pour ou se présenter pour un emploi

2 intransitive verb

Nautical relâcher, faire relâche;

∎ we put in at Wellington nous avons relâché ou fait relâche à Wellington

➲ put in for

1 separable transitive verb

présenter;

∎ we're putting him in for the 500 metres nous le présentons pour le 500 mètres;

∎ to put pupils in for an examination présenter des élèves à un examen

2 inseparable transitive verb

∎ to put in for sth (post) poser sa candidature pour qch; (leave, promotion) faire une demande de qch, demander qch;

∎ she put in for a transfer to Florida elle a demandé à être mutée en Floride

➲ put off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (drop off → passenger) déposer, laisser;

∎ just put me off at the corner vous n'avez qu'à me laisser ou me déposer au coin

(b) (postpone → meeting, appointment) remettre à plus tard, repousser; (→ decision, payment) remettre à plus tard, différer; (→ work) remettre à plus tard; (→ guests) décommander;

∎ the meeting has been put off until tomorrow la réunion a été renvoyée ou remise à demain;

∎ I kept putting off telling him the truth je continuais à repousser le moment de lui dire la vérité;

∎ I can't put him off again je ne peux pas encore annuler un rendez-vous avec lui

(c) (dissuade)

∎ once he's made up his mind nothing in the world can put him off une fois qu'il a pris une décision, rien au monde ne peut le faire changer d'avis

(d) (distract) déranger, empêcher de se concentrer;

∎ he deliberately tries to put his opponent off il fait tout pour empêcher son adversaire de se concentrer;

∎ the noise put her off her service le bruit l'a gênée ou dérangée pendant son service

(e) (repel) dégoûter, rebuter;

∎ it's the smell that puts me off c'est l'odeur qui me rebute;

∎ don't be put off by his odd sense of humour ne te laisse pas rebuter par son humour un peu particulier;

∎ it put me off skiing for good ça m'a définitivement dégoûté du ski;

∎ it put me off my dinner ça m'a coupé l'appétit

(f) (switch off → television, radio etc) éteindre

2 intransitive verb

Nautical déborder du quai, pousser au large;

∎ to put off from the shore quitter la côte, prendre le large

➲ put on separable transitive verb

(a) (clothes, make-up, ointment) mettre;

∎ put your hat on mets ton chapeau;

∎ to put on one's make-up se maquiller

(b) (present, stage → play, opera) monter; (→ poetry reading, slide show etc) organiser;

∎ why can't they put something decent on for a change? (on TV, radio) ils ne pourraient pas passer quelque chose d'intéressant pour une fois?

(c) (lay on, provide → train) mettre en service;

∎ they put on excellent meals on Sundays ils servent d'excellents repas le dimanche;

∎ they have put on twenty extra trains ils ont ajouté vingt trains

(d) (gain → speed, weight) prendre;

∎ I've put on a few pounds j'ai pris quelques kilos

(e) (turn on, cause to function → light, radio, gas) allumer; (→ record, tape) mettre; (→ handbrake) mettre, serrer;

∎ put the heater on mets ou allume le chauffage;

∎ he put on some Vivaldi/the news il a mis du Vivaldi/les informations;

∎ I've put the kettle on for tea j'ai mis de l'eau à chauffer pour le thé;

∎ to put on the brakes freiner

(f) (start cooking) mettre (à cuire);

∎ I forgot to put the peas on j'ai oublié de mettre les petits pois à cuire

(g) (bet) parier;

∎ I put £10 on the favourite j'ai parié 10 livres sur le favori

(h) (assume) prendre;

∎ to put on airs prendre des airs;

∎ he put on a silly voice il a pris une voix ridicule;

∎ to put on an act jouer la comédie;

∎ familiar don't worry, he's just putting it on ne t'inquiète pas, il fait du cinéma ou du chiqué

(i) familiar (tease) faire marcher;

∎ you're putting me on! là, tu me fais marcher!

(j) (apply → pressure) exercer

(k) (add) ajouter;

∎ the tax increase will put another 10p on a gallon of petrol l'augmentation de la taxe va faire monter le prix du gallon d'essence de 10 pence

(l) (impose) imposer;

∎ new restrictions have been put on bringing animals into the country de nouvelles restrictions ont été imposées à l'importation d'animaux dans le pays

(m) (attribute)

∎ it's hard to put a price on it c'est difficile d'en évaluer ou estimer le prix

(n) (advance → clock) avancer

(o) (on telephone)

∎ could you put him on, please? pouvez-vous me le passer, s'il vous plaît?

➲ put onto separable transitive verb

(help find) indiquer à;

∎ I'll put you onto a good solicitor je vous donnerai le nom d'un ou je vous indiquerai un bon avocat;

∎ she's put me onto quite a few bargains elle m'a indiqué plusieurs bonnes affaires;

∎ to put the police/taxman onto sb dénoncer qn à la police/au fisc;

∎ what put you onto the butler, detective inspector? qu'est-ce qui vous a amené à soupçonner le maître d'hôtel, commissaire?

➲ put out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (place outside) mettre dehors, sortir;

∎ have you put the dustbin out? as-tu sorti la poubelle?;

∎ I'll put the washing out (to dry) je vais mettre le linge (dehors) à sécher;

∎ to put a cow out to grass mettre une vache en pâture

(b) (remove)

∎ to put sb's eye out éborgner qn;

∎ you almost put my eye out! tu as failli m'éborgner!

(c) (issue → apology, announcement) publier; (→ story, rumour) faire circuler; (→ new record, edition, model etc) sortir; (→ appeal, request) faire; (broadcast) émettre;

∎ police have put out a description of the wanted man la police a publié une description de l'homme qu'elle recherche;

∎ to put out an SOS lancer un SOS

(d) (extinguish → fire, light, candle) éteindre; (→ cigarette) éteindre, écraser; (→ gas) fermer;

∎ don't forget to put the light out when you leave n'oubliez pas d'éteindre (la lumière) en partant

(e) (lay out, arrange) sortir;

∎ the valet had put out a suit for me le valet de chambre m'avait sorti un costume

(f) (stick out, stretch out → arm, leg) étendre, allonger; (→ hand) tendre; (→ tongue) tirer;

∎ she walked up to me and put out her hand elle s'approcha de moi et me tendit la main;

∎ she put out a foot to trip him up elle a mis un pied en avant pour le faire trébucher

(g) (dislocate)

∎ to put one's back/shoulder out se démettre le dos/l'épaule;

∎ I've put my back out je me suis déplacé une vertèbre

(h) (annoy, upset)

∎ to be put out about sth être fâché à cause de qch;

∎ he seems quite put out about it on dirait que ça l'a vraiment contrarié

(i) (inconvenience) déranger;

∎ I hope I haven't put you out j'espère que je ne vous ai pas dérangé;

∎ she's always ready to put herself out for other people elle est toujours prête à rendre service

(j) (sprout → shoots, leaves) produire

(k) (make unconscious → with drug, injection) endormir

(l) (subcontract) sous-traiter;

∎ we put most of our work out nous confions la plus grande partie de notre travail à des sous-traitants

(m) Horticulture (plant out) repiquer

2 intransitive verb

(a) Nautical prendre le large;

∎ to put out to sea faire appareiller

(b) American familiar (woman) accepter de coucher ( for avec);

∎ everyone knows she puts out tout le monde sait qu'elle est prête à coucher;

∎ did she put out? est-ce qu'elle a bien voulu coucher?;

∎ she'd put out for anybody elle coucherait avec le premier venu

➲ put over = put across

➲ put round separable transitive verb

(spread → gossip, story) faire courir

➲ put through separable transitive verb

(a) Telecommunications (connect) passer la communication à;

∎ hold on, I'll try to put you through ne quittez pas, je vais essayer de vous le/la passer;

∎ put the call through to my office passez-moi la communication dans mon bureau;

∎ I'll put you through to Mrs Powell je vous passe Mme Powell

(b) (carry through, conclude) conclure;

∎ we finally put through the necessary reforms nous avons fini par faire passer les réformes nécessaires

(c) (subject to) soumettre à;

∎ he was put through a whole battery of tests on l'a soumis à toute une série d'examens;

∎ I'm sorry to put you through this je suis désolé de vous imposer ça;

∎ have you any idea what you're putting him through? as-tu la moindre idée de ce que tu lui fais subir?;

∎ familiar to put sb through it en faire voir de toutes les couleurs à qn; (at interview) faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure à qn;

∎ he really put me through it il m'en a vraiment fait voir (de toutes les couleurs)

(d) (pay for)

∎ he put himself through college il a payé ses études

➲ put together separable transitive verb

(a) (place side by side → two objects) mettre côte à côte; (→ facts) rapprocher, comparer;

∎ he's more trouble than the rest of them put together il nous crée plus de problèmes à lui seul que tous les autres réunis

(b) (kit, furniture, engine) monter, assembler; (meal) préparer, confectionner; (menu) élaborer; (dossier) réunir; (proposal, report) préparer; (story, facts) reconstituer; (show, campaign) organiser, monter;

∎ to put sth (back) together again remonter qch;

∎ we're trying to put together enough evidence to convict him nous essayons de réunir assez de preuves pour le faire condamner;

∎ to put together a convincing picture of what happened reconstituer une idée convaincante de ce qui s'est passé;

∎ the programme is nicely put together ce programme est bien fait;

∎ I'll just put a few things together (in my bag) je vais faire rapidement ma valise

➲ put under separable transitive verb

(with drug, injection) endormir

➲ put up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (raise → hand) lever; (→ flag) hisser; (→ hood) relever; (→ umbrella) ouvrir; (→ one's hair, coat collar) relever;

∎ could all those going put up their hands? que tous ceux qui y vont lèvent la main;

∎ put your hands up! haut les mains!;

∎ familiar put 'em up! (in surrender) haut les mains!; (to fight) défends-toi!;

∎ I'm going to put my feet up for a few minutes je vais me reposer un peu

(b) (erect → tent) dresser, monter; (→ house, factory) construire; (→ monument, statue) ériger; (→ scaffolding) installer, monter; (→ ladder) dresser;

∎ they put up a statue to her ils érigèrent une statue en son honneur

(c) (install, put in place) mettre; (curtains) poser, accrocher; (wallpaper) poser;

∎ they've already put up the Christmas decorations ils ont déjà installé les décorations de Noël;

∎ the shopkeeper put up the shutters le commerçant a baissé le rideau de fer

(d) (send up → rocket, satellite) lancer

(e) (display → sign) mettre; (→ poster) afficher;

∎ the results will be put up tomorrow les résultats seront affichés demain

(f) (show → resistance) offrir, opposer;

∎ to put up a good show bien se défendre;

∎ to put up a struggle se défendre, se débattre

(g) (present → argument, proposal) présenter;

∎ he puts up a good case for abstention il a des arguments convaincants en faveur de l'abstention

(h) (offer for sale)

∎ to put sth up for sale/auction mettre qch en vente/aux enchères

(i) (put forward → candidate) présenter; (→ person, name) proposer (comme candidat);

∎ we are not putting up any candidates nous ne présentons aucun candidat

(j) familiar (provide → capital) fournir;

∎ who's putting the money up for the new business? qui finance la nouvelle entreprise?;

∎ we put up our own money nous sommes auto-financés

(k) (increase) faire monter, augmenter;

∎ this will put up the price of meat ça va faire augmenter ou monter le prix de la viande

(l) (give hospitality to) loger, héberger;

∎ to put sb up for the night coucher qn

(m) (urge, incite)

∎ to put sb up to (doing) sth pousser qn à (faire) qch

(n) archaic (put away → sword, pistol) rengainer

2 intransitive verb

(a) British

∎ to put up at a hotel descendre dans un hôtel;

∎ where are you putting up? où est-ce que tu loges?; (in hotel) où es-tu descendu?;

∎ I'm putting up at Gary's for the moment je loge chez Gary pour le moment

(b) (stand → in election) se présenter, se porter candidat;

∎ she put up as a Labour candidate elle s'est présentée comme candidate du parti travailliste

(c) familiar

∎ put up or shut up! assez parlé, agissez!

➲ put upon inseparable transitive verb

(usu passive) to put upon sb (abuse) abuser de qn; (exploit) exploiter qn;

∎ you shouldn't let yourself be put upon like that! tu ne devrais pas te laisser marcher sur les pieds comme ça!

➲ put up with inseparable transitive verb

supporter, tolérer;

∎ I refuse to put up with this noise any longer! je ne supporterai pas ce bruit une minute de plus!;

∎ we'll have to put up with it il faut l'accepter ou nous y résigner

✾ Book 'Put Out More Flags' Waugh 'Hissez le grand pavois'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > put
7 system

система; установка; устройство; ркт. комплекс

"see to land" system — система посадки с визуальным приземлением

A.S.I. system — система указателя воздушной скорости

ablating heat-protection system — аблирующая [абляционная] система тепловой защиты

ablating heat-shield system — аблирующая [абляционная] система тепловой защиты

active attitude control system — ксм. активная система ориентации

active water recovery system — активная система восстановления воды

adaptive flight control system — самонастраивающаяся система управления ЛА

adaptive model following system — самонастраивающаяся система с эталонной моделью

aerial fire support system — система огневой поддержки с воздуха

aft-end rocket ignition system — система воспламенения заряда с задней части РДТТ [со стороны сопла]

afterburner fuel plumbing system — система топливоподачи форсажной камеры

air cushion landing system — система посадки на воздушную подушку

air jet nozzle control system — газоструйная система управления (ЛА)

air raid warning system — система оповещения о воздушном нападении

airborne night vision system — бортовая система ночного видения

airborne target location system — бортовая система обнаружения целей

aircraft fire suppression system — система тушения пожара с ЛА

aircraft response sensing system — система измерений параметров, характеризующих поведение ЛА

aircraft-carried earth axis system — связанная с ЛА земная система координат

air-inlet bypass door system — дв. система перепуска воздуха на входе

antiaircraft guided missile system — ракетная система ПВО; зенитный ракетный комплекс

antiaircraft guided weapons system — ракетная система ПВО; зенитный ракетный комплекс

armament and navigation system — прицельно-навигационная система

attenuated intercept satellite rendez-vous system — система безударного соединения спутников на орбите

attitude and azimuth reference system — система измерения или индикации углов тангажа, крена и азимута

automatic departure prevention system — система автоматического предотвращения сваливания или вращения после сваливания

automatic drift kick-off system — система автоматического устранения угла упреждения сноса (перед приземлением)

automatic flight control system — автоматическая система управления ЛА

automatic hovering control system — верт. система автостабилизации на висении

automatic indicating feathering system — автоматическая система флюгирования с индикацией отказа (двигателя)

automatic mixture-ratio control system — система автоматического регулирования состава (топливной) смеси

automatic parachute deployment system — автоматическая система ввода парашюта

automatic pitch control system — автомат тангажа; автоматическая система продольного управления [управления по каналу тангажа]

automatic scan monitoring system — автоматическая сканирующая система контроля

automatic speed brake retraction system — система автоматической уборки воздушных тормозов

B.L.C. high-lift system — система управления пограничным слоем для повышения подъёмной силы (крыла)

backpack life support system — ксм. ранцевая система жизнеобеспечения

ballistic missile early warning system — система дальнего обнаружения баллистических ракет

beam-rider (control, guidance) system — ркт. система наведения по лучу

biological life support system — биологическая система жизнеобеспечения

bioregenerative life support system — биорегенеративная система жизнеобеспечения

biowaste electric propulsion system — электрический двигатель, работающий на биологических отходах

blowing boundary layer control system — система управления пограничным слоем путем сдува

bob weight feel system — система загрузки с противовесом (в системе управления)

bomb bay door system — система управления створками бомбового отсека

buddy (refueling, tank) system — (подвесная) автономная система дозаправки топливом в полете

cabin pressure control system — система регулирования давления в кабине

carbon dioxide management system — система регулирования концентрации углекислого газа

carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа

closed respiratory gas system — регенерационная система жизнеобеспечения (в гермокабине)

closed(-circuit, -cycle) system — замкнутая система, система с замкнутым контуром или циклом; система с обратной связью

closed-cycle life support system — система жизнеобеспечения с замкнутым циклом

closed-loop life support system — система жизнеобеспечения с замкнутым циклом

control and reporting system — система управления и оповещения

Cooper-Harper pilot rating system — система баллов оценки ЛА лётчиком по Куперу — Харперу

cryogenic life support system — криогенная система жизнеобеспечения

deployable aerodynamic deceleration system — развёртываемая (в атмосфере) аэродинамическая тормозная система

depressurize the fuel system — стравливать избыточное давление (воздуха, газа) в топливной системе

driver gas heating system — аэрд. система подогрева толкающего газа

drone flight control system — система управления полётом беспилотного ЛА

drone formation flight system — система управления полётом беспилотных ЛА в строю

dry sump (lubrication) system — дв. система смазки с сухим картером [отстойником]

dual sequence ejection system — система последовательного катапультирования двух кресел

dual system of runways — система параллельных впп

earthbound coordinate system — земная система координат

ecliptic system of coordinates — эклиптическая система координат

elastomeric thermal shield system — эластомерная теплозащитная система

electric thrust control system — электрическая система регулирования тяги

electrically controlled antiskid system — автомат торможения с электроуправлением

electrically powered hydraulic system — электронасосная гидросистема (в отличие от гидросистемы с насосами, приводимыми от двигателя)

encapsulated flight control system — система управления ЛА из закрытой капсулы (лётчика)

engine bay cooling system — система охлаждения двигательного отсека

engine fuel control system — система регулирования подачи топлива к двигателю

engine fuel distribution system — топливораспределительная система двигателя

environmental thermal control system — система терморегулирования окружающих условий

equatorial coordinate system — экваториальная система координат

exhaust nozzle actuation system — система привода (створок) сопла

exponential control flare system — система выравнивания с экспоненциальным управлением (перед приземлением)

external fuel transfer system — система перекачки топлива из дополнительных баков в основные

final stage guidance system — система наведения на конечном участке

fixed system of coordinates — неподвижная система координат

flight augmentation control system — система автостабилизации ЛА

flight instrument warning system — система сигнализации о неисправностях пилотажных приборов

flight path control system — система управления траекторией полёта

flight plan interphone system — диспетчерская система связи

flywheel attitude control system — ксм. инерционная система ориентации

fuel (contents) gauging system — топливоизмерительная система

fuel quantity indicating system — система индикации (остающегося) запаса топлива

fuel tank inerting system — система нейтрального газа

fully powered control system — (необратимая) бустерная система управления

galactic system of coordinates — галактическая система координат

gas-ejection attitude control system — ксм. газоструйная система ориентация

gas-jet attitude control system — ксм. газоструйная система ориентация

gimballess inertial reference system — бесплатформенная инерциальная система отсчёта

glow plug ignition system — система зажигания с запальными свечами накаливания

ground proximity extraction system — система извлечения грузов из самолёта, пролетающего на уровне земли

head-up display landing system — система посадки с использованием индикации на лобовом стекле

helicopter capsule escape system — система аварийного покидания кабины вертолёта

heliocentric system of coordinates — гелиоцентрическая система координат

high-performance thermal protection system — система теплозащиты с высокими характеристиками

historical data recording system — система записи данных по времени

holographic flow visualization system — голографическая система визуализации потока

hot bleed air antiicing system — противообледенительная система с отбором горячего воздуха

hot-air balloon water recovery system — система спасения путем посадки на воду с помощью баллонов, наполняемых горячими газами

hydrogen fueled propulsion system — двигательная установка на водороде

hypersonic air data entry system — система для оценки аэродинамики тела, входящего в атмосферу планеты с гиперзвуковой скоростью

igh-temperature fatigue test system — установка для испытаний на выносливость при высоких температурах

infinitely variable reheat system — форсажная система со всережимным регулированием (тяги)

inflight emergency starting system — система аварийного запуска (двигателя) в полете

infrared radiation (detection) system — система обнаружения ИК-излучения

injection nozzle control system — система регулирования сопла введением жидкости или газа

integrated life support system — интегральная система жизнеобеспечения

interceptor (directing, vectoring) system — система наведения перехватчиков

ion electrical propulsion system — ксм. ионная двигательная установка

isotope-heated catalytic oxidizer system — система каталитического окислителя с нагревом от изотопного источника

jet vane actuation system — ркт. система привода газового руля

laminar flow control system — система искусственной ламинаризации обтекания

laminar flow pumping system — система насосов [компрессоров] для ламинаризации обтекания

launching range safety system — система безопасности ракетного полигона; система обеспечения безопасности космодрома

leading edge slat system — система выдвижных [отклоняемых] предкрылков

learning flight control system — учебная система управления ЛА

left-handed system of coordinates — левая система координат

lift cruise (propulsion) system — силовая установка с подъёмными и маршевыми двигателями

longitudinal static stability augmentation system — система продольной автостабилизации

long-range missile detection system — система дальнего обнаружения ракет

low-altitude parachute extraction system — система беспосадочного десантирования грузов с малых высот с использованием вытяжных парашютов

low-level terrain avoidance system — система обхода препятствий в полете на малых высотах

low-light level television system — телевизионная система для условий слабой освещённости

lunar module environmental control system — система контроля окружающих условий лунного отсека

lunar obstacle detection system — система обнаружения препятствий на лунной поверхности

lunar rover deployment system — система развёртывания лунохода в рабочее положение

magnetic attitude control system — ксм. магнитная система ориентации

magnetically slaved compass system — курсовая система с магнитной коррекцией, гироиндукционная курсовая система

main rotor control system — система управления несущим винтом

maneuver cemand control system — система управления с заданными границами маневренности

manned aerial weapons system — пилотируемая авиационная система оружия

manned orbital weapons system — пилотируемая орбитальная система оружия

manned space support system — пилотируемый (транспортный) КЛА для обеспечения космической станции

manned spacecraft environmental control system — система жизнеобеспечения экипажа КЛА

manned strategic weapon system — пилотируемая система оружия стратегического назначения

mass flow measuring system — система измерения массового расхода

mass-expulsion attitude control system — система ориентации за счёт истечения массы (газа, жидкости)

mass-motion attitude control system — ксм. система ориентации за счёт перемещения масс

mass-shifting attitude control system — ксм. система ориентации за счёт перемещения масс

missile launch detection system — система обнаружения пуска ракет

monopropellant rocket propulsion system — двигательная установка с ЖРД на унитарном [однокомпонентном] топливе

nitrogen jet control system — газоструйная система управления на сжатом азоте

nose-tow system for catapulting — система катапультирования (самолёта) за носовую стойку шасси

nucleonic propellant gauging and utilization system — система измерения и регулирования подачи топлива с использованием радиоактивных изотопов

open(-circuit, -cycle) system — открытая [незамкнутая] система, система с незамкнутым контуром или циклом; система без обратной связи

orbital attitude control system — система ориентации в орбитальном полете

panelized thermal protection system — панельная система теплозащиты

parachute low-altitude delivery system — система парашютного десантирования грузов с малых высот

parked aircraft security system — система охранной сигнализации ЛА на стоянке

passive thermal protection system — пассивная система тепловой защиты

passive water recovery system — пассивная система восстановления воды

personal life support system — индивидуальная система жизнеобеспечения

photosynthetic life support system — фотосинтетическая система жизнеобеспечения

pilot-controllable parachute descent system — управляемая парашютная система посадки

planet drag brake system — система аэродинамического торможения в окрестности планеты

planetary entry parachute system — парашютная система входа в атмосферу планеты

plenum chamber burning system — дв. система сжигания топлива во втором контуре

point air defense system — объектовая система ПВО

portable life support system — портативная система жизнеобеспечения

positioning system for the landing gear — система регулирования высоты шасси (при стоянке самолёта на земле)

precision emitter location system — система точного наведения на источник излучений

pressure type oil system — система смазки под давлением

pressurized feed system — вытеснительная система подачи (топлива)

punch card computer system — перфорационный вычислительный комплекс

radar altimeter low-altitude control system — система управления на малых высотах с использованием радиовысотомера

radar system for unmanned cooperative rendezvous in space — радиолокационная система для обеспечения встречи (на орбите) беспилотных кооперируемых КЛА

range and orbit determination system — система определения дальностей [расстояний] и орбит

real-time telemetry processing system — система обработки радиотелеметрических данных в реальном масштабе времени

recuperative cycle regenerable carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа с регенерацией поглотителя, работающая по рекуперативному циклу

reentry thermal protection system — система теплозащиты на участке возвращения в атмосферу

regenerable carbon dioxide removal system — регенеративная система удаления углекислого газа

rendezvous beacon and command system — маячно-командная система обеспечения встречи («а орбите)

right-handed system of coordinates — правая система координат

rocket motor measuring system — система измерения характеристик ракетных двигателей

rudder pedal nose-wheel steering system — система управления носовым колесом от педалей

satellite automatic terminal rendezvous and coupling system — автоматическая система сближения и стыковки спутников на орбите

satellite landing control system — система управления посадкой спутника

Schuler tuned inertial navigation system — система инерциальной навигации на принципе маятника Шулера

secondary life support system — вспомогательная система жизнеобеспечения

semiclosed stored water system — система обеспечения водой с полузамкнутым циклом

side force control system — система управления (ЛА) с использованием боковых сил

side stick control system — система управления (ЛА) с помощью боковой ручки

single-axis attitude control system — система стабилизации относительно одной оси

single-motion ejection initiation system — система катапультирования одним движением

slow-burning cartridge feed system — система подачи (топлива) пороховым аккумулятором давления

sodium superoxide carbon dioxide removal system — система удаления углекислого газа с помощью надперекиси натрия

space shuttle separation system — система разделения ступеней челночного воздушно-космического аппарата

space vehicle life support system — система жизнеобеспечения экипажа КЛА

space vehicle water reclamation system — система регенерации воды на КЛА

space-based attack alarm system — космическая система предупреждения о нападении

spacecraft ground-controlled approach system — наземная система управления заходом КЛА на посадку

stellar-monitored astroinertial navigation guidance system — астроинерциальная система навигации и управления с астрокоррекцией

switch back to the normal system — переключаться обратно на рабочую систему

switch to the emergency system — переключаться на аварийную систему

system of range side lobe — устройство подавления боковых лепестков

tactical air control system — система управления тактической авиацией

tailor the control system — доводить систему управления (применительно к объекту)

target search and track system — поисково-прицельная или поисково-следящая система

terminal control landing system — система управления посадкой по траектории, связанной с выбранной точкой приземления

terminal descent control system — ксм. система управления на конечном этапе спуска [снижения]

terminal guidance system for a satellite rendezvous — система управления на конечном участке траектории встречи спутников

test cell flow system — ркт. система питания (двигателя) топливом в огневом боксе

third chance flight control system — система управления ЛА с третьей резервной подсистемой

trajectory(-parameters) determination system — система определения траекторных параметров

unmanned weapon delivery system — беспилотная система доставки оружия к цели

variable air inlet system — система регулирования воздухозаборника

vectored thrust (propulsion) system — силовая установка с подъёмно-маршевым двигателем [двигателями]

vibration amplitude recording system — система регистрации амплитуды колебаний

visual glide path indication system — система визуальной индикации глиссады

water to oxygen system — ксм. система добывания кислорода из воды

wind tunnel data acquisition system — система регистрации (и обработки) данных при испытаниях в аэродинамической трубе

zero gravity humidity control system — система регулирования влажности в условиях невесомости

— all systems go

— fault-tolerant system

— hands-off autoland system

— one-and-zero escape system

— ablation heat-protection system

— ablation heat-shield system

— ablative heat-protection system

— ablative heat-shield system

— ABM system

— abort system

— absorption-fuel system

— absorptive system

— acceleration-command system

— accessory system

— accident-reporting system

— acid-aniline propellant system

— acquisition system

— active augmentation system

— active cooling system

— active guidance system

— active thermal-protection system

— active tracking system

— actuating system

— adaptive gain system

— adaptive system

— addressing system

— aerial defense system

— aerial recovery system

— aerocryptographic system

— aerodynamic control system

— aeronautical satellite system

— afterburner system

— aileron system

— aileron-rudder interconnect system

— aileron-spoiler system

— air aspirator system

— air defense system

— air inlet system

— air intercept system

— air regenerative system

— air ventilating system

— air warning system

— air-bag support system

— airborne measurement system

— airborne surveillance system

— airborne system

— air-breathing propulsion system

— air-collection system

— air-conditioning system

— aircraft designation system

— aircraft dispersal system

— aircraft escape system

— aircraft identification system

— aircraft reconnaissance system

— aircraft weapon system

— aircraft-fuel-tank-inerting system

— air-cycle system

— air-defense missile system

— airframe antiicing system

— airframe systems

— air-induction system

— air-oil oleo system

— airscrew-turbine system

— airspeed indicating system

— airspeed system

— air-to-air missile system

— air-to-air recovery system

— air-to-surface guidance system

— all-attitude gyro system

— alleviation system

— all-hydraulic control system

— all-inertial guidance system

— all-liquid system

— all-pneumatic system

— all-solid system

— all-weather system

— angle-of-approach indicator system

— angle-of-attack detecting system

— angle-of-attack sensing system

— angle-of-attack system

— angle-tracking system

— antiaircraft system

— antiaircraft warning system

— anticountermeasures system

— antifogging system

— anti-G protective system

— anti-ICBM system

— antiicing control system

— antiicing system

— antimissile defense system

— antiradiation homing system

— antiretraction system

— antisatellite defense system

— antiskid system

— antispin system

— antistall system

— approach assessment system

— approach lighting system

— approach sequencing system

— area-coverage navigation system

— area-defense system

— armament control system

— armament system

— arrester system

— arresting system

— artificial feel system

— artificial stability system

— ascent propulsion system

— assisted escape system

— ASTP docking systems

— astronavigation system

— astronomical guidance system

— atmosphere control system

— atmospheric abort system

— ATS system

— attached shock-wave system

— attitude control system

— attitude sensing system

— audible warning system

— audio system

— augmented-jet ejector system

— augmented-lift system

— autofeather system

— autoflare system

— autoland system

— automated data system

— automatic abort system

— automatic braking system

— automatic checkout system

— automatic control system

— automatic destruct system

— automatic landing system

— automatic mass-trim system

— automatic overshoot system

— automatic stabilization system

— automatic throttle system

— automatic trim system

— autopilot system

— autopitch control system

— autorelight system

— autostabilization system

— autostabilizer system

— autothrottle system

— avionics system

— avoidance system

— azimuth laying system

— backup system

— bailout warning system

— ballistic ejection system

— balloon-type deceleration system

— basic propulsion system

— battery-powered system

— beam-riding/radio altimeter gui

— beta control system

— bi-fuel system

— bioengineering system

— biotelemetry system

— black-boxed system

— bleed-air system

— blind-approach beacon system

— blind-approach system

— blind-landing system

— blown flap system

— blpropellant system

— bomb guidance system

— bombardment system

— bombing system

— bombing-navigational system

— bomb-orbital system

— boom control system

— boost er system

— boundary-layer control system

— brake system

— braking system

— breather system

— breathing-oxygen system

— building block system

— built-in system

— burning system

— cabin air-conditioning system

— cabin heating system

— cabin pressurization system

— cable landing system

— cable system

— cable-restrained balloon system

— camera system

— canard system

— canned liquid-propellant system

— canopy control system

— canopy defrost system

— canopy jettison system

— canopy system

— capacitance gauging system

— cargo handling system

— carrier landing system

— cartridge starting system

— cartridge-type ejection system

— caution system

— celestial system

— celestial-guidance system

— central computer system

— central timing system

— chain radar system

— chamber coolant system

— changeover system

— chemical absorbent system

— chemical absorption system

— chemical power system

— chemical propulsion system

— chemical-gas-pressurized feed system

— chemical-pressurized feed system

— circular system

— civilian satellite system

— closed ecological system

— closed-center system

— closed-loop sensor system

— cloud system

— co-axial rotor system

— cockpit heat system

— cockpit pressurization system

— collision avoidance system

— collision-course fire-control system

— combat survival system

— combustion control system

— command system

— communication satellite system

— communication system

— compartmentation system

— compass system

— compatible docking systems

— compatible rendezvous systems

— composite insulation system

— composite system

— compound system

— compressor air-bleed system

— computer system

— computerized control system

— contaminant control system

— contents gauging system

— continuous-flow system

— control augmentation system

— control force system

— control oil system

— control stick system

— control system

— control warning system

— controllea-leakage system

— control-wheel steering system

— control-wheel system

— convective cooling system

— coolant supply system

— cooling system

— cooperative system

— coordinate system

— correlation tracking system

— cost-optimal system

— countermisslle system

— course-memory system

— crashworthy fuel system

— crew ejection system

— cross shaft system

— cross-feed system

— cruise-type navigation system

— cryogenic storage system

— cryogenic system

— cushion landing system

— D system

— damper system

— data-acquisition system

— data-collecting system

— data-encoding system

— data-handling system

— data-link system

— data-recording system

— data-reduction system

— data-reporting system

— data-storage system

— data-translating system

— data-transmission system

— dead-reckoning system

— deceleration system

— defog system

— defogger system

— defogging system

— defrosting system

— defueling system

— deicing system

— delayed data system

— delivery system

— deluge sprinkler system

— demand oxygen system

— demisting system

— deployment system

— derivative system

— de-spin system

— destruct system

— detection system

— detonation system

— digital computing system

— digital data system

— digital inertial system

— digital signaling system

— diluter-demand oxygen system

— directional system

— discharge system

— disconnect system

— displacement-type system

— display system

— distributed parameter system

— distribution system

— docking guidance system

— docking system

— document retrieval system

— door warning system

— Doppler-inertial system

— double-walled meteoroid-bumper system

— downrange tracking system

— downward ejection system

— drag brake system

— drift system

— dry sprinkler system

— dual-director system

— dual-dual system

— dual-missile guidance system

— dual-spin stabilization system

— duplex system

— duplicated system

— dynamics simulator system

— early-warning satellite system

— early-warning system

— earth satellite system

— earth system

— earth-referenced coordinate system

— ecological system

— eddy system

— egress system

— eject-fly-away rescue system

— ejection escape system

— ejection system

— ejection warning system

— ejector system

— electric propulsion system

— electrical power system

— electrical sequencing system

— electrical starting system

— electrical system

— electrohydraulic-pneutnatic control system

— electromagnetic suspension system

— electromechanical control system

— electro-optical viewing system

— electropneumatic control system

— elevator-control system

— emergency extension system

— emergency nozzle system

— emergency recovery system

— emergency-escape system

— energy-absorbing system

— engine afterburner system

— engine bleed system

— engine control system

— engine lifting system

— engine oil system

— engine relight system

— engine starting system

— engine-governing system

— environmental system

— equinoctial coordinate system

— erection system

— erosion protection system

— escape system

— evaporative cooling system

— exhaust system

— expendable life-support system

— explosion suppression system

— explosive deployment system

— expulsion system

— external instrumentation system

— external tracking system

— external-burning system

— extra-atmospheric abort system

— extraterrestrial system

— extravehicular protective system

— faceplate defrosting system

— fail-functional system

— fail-operational system

— fail-operative system

— fail-passive system

— fail-safe system

— fail-soft system

— fail-steady system

— failure-survival system

— fan propulsion system

— fan system

— fault-free system

— faulty system

— feathering system

— feed system

— feedback control system

— filling system

— fin actuation system

— fin fuel system

— fire detecting system

— fire detector system

— fire fanning system

— fire prevention system

— fire-control system

— fire-extinguisher system

— fire-extinguishing system

— fire-sprinkling system

— fixed-path flare system

— fixed-site missile system

— flameholder system

— flap lock system

— flap operating system

— flare system

— fleet-based missile system

— flight instrument system

— flight interphone system

— flight lighting system

— flight management system

— flight reference system

— flight-control boost system

— flight-refueling system

— flight-test system

— flowmetering system

— flow-rate control system

— FLOX/LPL propellent system

— fluid rain-repellent system

— fluldic system

— flush aerial system

— fly the system

— flying control system

— foam extinguishing system

— foaming system

— foam-water sprinkler system

— fog-dispersal system

— follow-up system

— force balance system

— forecasting system

— free-wheeling system

— freon-refrigeration system

— frequency-division system

— frontal system

— fuel distribution system

— fuel feed system

— fuel flowmetering system

— fuel jettisoning system

— fuel supply system

— fuel transfer system

— fuel trimmer system

— fuel-control system

— fuel-delivery system

— fuel-dispersal system

— fueling-defueling system

— fuel-loading system

— fuel-metering system

— fuel-oxidant system

— fuel-pumping system

— full-inertial system

— full-pressure system

— fully redundant system

— funnel lighting system

— fusion powered system

— gain control system

— gas nozzle system

— gas-coupled lift-fan system

— gas-pressure feed system

— gas-turbine starting system

— gas-turbine-pump system

— gear actuation system

— generating system

— gimbal system

— glidepath system

— global system

— go-around system

— gravity fuel system

— gravity stabilization system

— gravity-independent system

— grid coordinates system

— ground start system

— ground-based system

— ground-control guidance system

— ground-controlled approach system

— ground-supplied start system

— ground-to-space missile system

— guidance system

— guide beam system

— guided-missile system

— guided-weapon system

— gust measuring system

— gust-alleviation system

— gyroscope erection system

— gyroscope reference system

— gyrostabilized system

— hand-hose system

— heading system

— heading-hold system

— heat-detection system

— heater system

— heat-protection system

— heat-responsive system

— heavy-duty actuation system

— height-control system

— helicopter haul-down system

— helium-refrigeration system

— high-altitude recovery system

— high-authority system

— high-density landing system

— high-intensity lighting system

— high-lift wing system

— high-pressure system

— high-speed ejection system

— high-temperature warning system

— high-tension ignition system

— hit-or-miss scoring system

— homing system

— horizon coordinate system

— horizon-seeking stabilization system

— hose system

— hot-gas pressurizing system

— hot-gas system

— hot-oil antiicing system

— hovering control system

— humidity control system

— hybrid system

— hydrant system

— hydraulic power system

— hydro-electric control system

— hydro-mechanical control system

— hyperbolic system

— hypergolic ignition system

— hypergolic propulsion system

— ice-detector system

— ice-protection system

— ice-warning system

— identification system

— igniter system

— ignition system

— illumination system

— imaging system

— impact-attenuation system

— impact-location system

— impingement starting system

— improperly rigged system

— incident-reporting system

— indicating system

— individual life-sustaining system

— induction system

— inert-gas-pressurized feed system

— inertial gravitational system

— inertial system

— inertial-celestial system

— inerting system

— inflation system

— inflight guidance system

— inflight retrieval system

— information retrieval system

— infrared reconnaissance system

— infrared suppression system

— infrared surveillance system

— infrared system

— infrared tracking system

— initiating system

— injection system

— inlet control system

— inner solar system

— instrument landing system

— instrumentation power system

— instrumentation system

— instrument-panel lighting system

— integrated system

— integrated tankage system

— intelligence system

— interactive graphical system

— intercommunication system

— interfighter refueling system

— interlock system

— internal system

— international route system

— interphone system

— interplanetary navigation system

— interrogation system

— interrogator-responder system

— irreversible system

— jammer system

— jamming system

— jamproof system

— jet-augmentation system

— jet-control system

— jet-deflection control system

— jet-deviation control system

— jet-ejection augmentation system

— jet-nozzle control system

— jettison system

— kicker system

— kick-off drift system

— lander decelerator system

— landing aid system

— landing approach system

— landing-gear extension system

— landing-gear warning system

— laser identification system

— laser propulsion system

— laser tracking system

— laser veloclmeter system

— lateral control system

— lateral feel system

— launch abort system

— launch check-out system

— launch control system

— launch escape system

— launch vehicle system

— launch-and-leave guidance system

— launcher system

— launching guidance system

— launching system

— leveling system

— levered shock-absorbing system

— LFC pumping system

— lift system

— lift-augmentation system

— lift-drag modulation system

— lift-engine intake system

— lift-fan power system

— lift-propulsion system

— light system

— light warning system

— limited-authority system

— line-of-sight guidance system

— liquid cooling system

— liquid-oxygen breathing system

— liquid-propellant feed system

— liquification system

— live system

— load proportioner system

— loading system

— long-distance communication system

— longitudinal trim system

— longitudinal-control system

— long-lived system

— long-range system

— low-altitude defense system

— low-altitude guidance system

— low-altitude interception system

— low-approach system

— lower-minimum landing system

— low-intensity lighting system

— low-level escape system

— low-temperature ablating system

— low-thrust propulsion system

— lubrication system

— lunar descent system

— lunar landing system

— lunar logistic system

— Mach alarm system

— magnetic suspension system

— magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system

— maintenance recording system

— malfunction detection system

— management system

— maneuvering flap system

— maneuvering system

— man-manageable system

— man-rated system

— manual control system

— map-matching guidance system

— mechanical system

— microwave approach system

— midcourse intercept system

— mirror landing system

— missile control system

— missile nonpropulsion system

— missile safety system

— missile scoring system

— missile system

— missile tracking system

— missile-borne system

— missile-bound coordinate system

— mixed propulsion system

— mixed-compression inlet system

— mixing system

— mobile launching system

— mobile refueling system

— model-following control system

— modular cooling system

— modularlzed system

— monitoring system

— monopropellant system

— mosaic imaging system

— mount system

— multifiltration system

— multimode system

— multiple-channel system

— multiple-degree-of-freedom system

— multiple-loop system

— multiple-target system

— multiplexed system

— multiplicated system

— multipurpose system

— multistage system

— multistep system

— multivariable system

— navigation/attack system

— navigational satellite system

— navigational system

— navigation-and-weapon aiming system

— navigation-bombing system

— negative torque system

— night vision system

— nitrogen purge system

— nonconservative system

— noncooperative system

— nonjammable system

— nonlinear system

— nonredundant system

— nonreturn lubrication system

— nonskld braking system

— normal system

— nose-recovery system

— nose-wheel steering system

— nozzle-cooling system

— nuclear detection system

— nuclear propulsion system

— oblique shock-wave system

— off-the-shelf system

— oil system

— oil-dilution system

— oil-low-level warning system

— on-board maintenance system

— on-board system

— one-axis stabilization system

— one-motion ejection system

— on-off control system

— open-center system

— open-stored water system

— operational system

— optical-lnertial system

— optimum landing system

— orbital refueling system

— orbital rendezvous system

— orbital system

— orbital weapon system

— orbit-to-ground weapon system

— orbit-to-orbit weapon system

— organic power system

— orientation system

— outer-space system

— overshoot system

— oxidizer-delivery system

— oxygen breathing system

— oxygen generation system

— oxygen recovery system

— oxygen regeneration system

— oxygen supply system

— oxygen-collection system

— pan-scan system

— parachute deployment system

— parachute-and-retrorocket landing system

— paraglider system

— parallel system

— para-visual director system

— parawing system

— partial-pressure oxygen system

— part-throttle reheat system

— passive augmentation system

— passive cooling system

— passive distillation system

— passive failure system

— pattern recognition system

— penalty system

— phase-advance system

— phase-measurement navigation system

— photon propulsion system

— pilot-assisted automatic system

— piloted system

— pilotless system

— pitch erecting system

— pitch-axis control system

— pitot system

— pitot-static system

— pivoted system

— planet escape system

— planetocentric system

— plug control system

— plumbing system

— pneumatic system

— pneumatic-mechanical control system

— pod refueling system

— position location system

— position-control system

— position-fixing system

— positioning system

— post-boost control system

— post-cutoff stabilization system

— power drain system

— power-assisted control system

— power-boosted control system

— powered control system

— powered stabilization system

— power-generating system

— power-limited propulsion system

— power-operated control system

— precompressor cooling system

— pressure feed system

— pressure regulation system

— pressure relief system

— pressure system

— pressure-breathing system

— pressure-demand oxygen system

— pressurizing feed system

— primary system

— probe-and-drogue system

— propellant handling system

— propellant loading system

— propellant system

— propellant-feed system

— propellant-pressurized feed system

— propellant-utilization system

— propeller control system

— propeller governing system

— propeller system

— propelling system

— proportional navigation system

— proportional trim system

— propulsion system

— propulsion-augmented high-lift system

— protective breathing system

— public-address system

— puff-pipe control system

— pulsation control system

— pulsed Doppler system

— pulsed radar system

— pulse-jet control system

— pulse-position modulation system

— purging system

— purification system

— push rod system

— quadruplex actuation system

— quadruplex system

— quick-loading system

— quick-reaction system

— radar system

— radar warning system

— radiator system

— radio-command system

— radio-guidance system

— radio-range system

— rain removal system

— rain remover system

— rain-repellent system

— rake system

— ram-and-cable system

— ramp control system

— range system

— rangefinder system

— range-rate tracking system

— range-safety system

— range-tracking system

— Rankine-cycle power system

— rate damping system

— rate-command system

— rate-of-descent system

— rate-stabilization system

— rate-type system

— reaction control system

— readout system

— real-time telemetry system

— recording system

— recovery oxygen system

— recovery system

— redundant system

— reentry control system

— reentry guidance system

— reentry recovery system

— reentry system

— reference system

— refrigerant injection system

— refrigeration system

— regenerative system

— regulator system

— reheat system

— relative coordinate system

— relay-satellite system

— release system

— remotely controlled system

— remotely manned system

— rendezvous system

— reoperable system

— reoperative system

— restorable system

— restraint system

— retracting system

— retrorocket system

— reusable system

— robot system

— rocket motor system

— rocket propulsion system

— rocket system

— rocket-assisted ejection system

— rocket-engine cooling system

— rocket-fire control system

— rod system

— roll erecting system

— roll-axis control system

— roller-conveyor freighting system

— rotary-wing system

— rotor system

— rudder control system

— runway approach system

— runway locating system

— satellite communication system

— satellite destruction system

— satellite killer system

— satellite navigation system

— satellite rendezvous system

— satellite tracking system

— satellite warning system

— satellite-borne surveillance system

— satellocentric system

— scanning-beam guidance system

— scoring system

— screened ignition system

— search-track system

— secondary power system

— secondary system

— seismic scoring system

— self-adaptive system

— self-adjusting system

— self-contained system

— self-destruction system

— self-guidance system

— self-monitoring system

— self-organizing control system

— self-powered destruct system

— self-pressurized system

— self-regulated system

— self-regulating system

— self-sufficient system

— semiactive guidance system

— semiactive homing system

— semipermanent missile system

— sensory system

— servo-control system

— servoflap control system

— servotab control system

— shaft-driven system

— shaker system

— sheathed-cable system

— shock isolation system

— short-baseline system

— short-range system

— side-force maneuvering system

— side-panel defrosting system

— sideslip sensing system

— silo system

— simulation system

— simulator system

— single system

— single-channel system

— single-degree-of-freedom system

— single-point refueling system

— single-shot system

— skid control system

— slaving system

— smoke detection system

— smokeless exhaust system

— solar power system

— solar propulsion system

— solid rocket system

— solid-propellant-gas-pressurized feed system

— sonobuoy reference system

— space ferry system

— space radiation system

— space rendezvous system

— space simulation system

— space surveillance system

— space-based system

— spaceborne guidance system

— spaceborne system

— space-maneuvering propulsion system

— space-stabilized navigation system

— speed command system

— speed control system

— spike-deflection control system

— spike-positioning system

— spin indicator system

— spinning system

— split systems

— spoiler system

— stability augmentation system

— stabilizer control system

— stack system

— staged system

— stall identification system

— stall protection system

— stall warning system

— standby system

— starting system

— star-tracking system

— static pressure system

— stationkeeping system

— steam-driven pumping system

— steering system

— stick system

— stick-pusher system

— stick-pushing system

— straight-demand type system

— strapped-down system

— strategic weapon system

— structural cooling system

— suborbital abort system

— suction system

— suit-temperature control system

— suit-thermal control system

— supporting system

— surface-cooling system

— surface-to-air recovery system

— surveillance system

— switched telemetering system

— synchro system

— tab control system

— tactical missile system

— takeoff monitoring system

— tank system

— tank vent system

— target designation system

— target detection system

— target homing system

— target identification system

— taxiing guidance system

— telecontrol system

— telemetering system

— telescape system

— teletype call system

— television guidance system

— temperature-indicator system

— terminal missile-defense system

— terrain avoidance system

— terrain recognition system

— terrain-following system

— terrain-measuring system

— thermal protection system

— thermal-control system

— thermoelectric power system

— three-axis control system

— three-axis trim system

— three-control system

— three-layer system

— three-stage parachute system

— throttle closure system

— throttle control system

— thrust-augmentation system

— thrust-decay system

— thrust-deflector system

— thrust-deflexion system

— thrust-engine system

— thrust-reversal system

— thrust-reverse system

— thrust-termination system

— thrust-vector monitoring system

— thrust-vectoring system

— time reference system

— time-standard system

— timing system

— topocentric coordinate system

— torque sensing system

— torso restraint system

— total autopilot/aircraft system

— touchdown system

— tracker-aided system

— trailing vortex system

— train-type ignition system

— trajectory control system

— trajectory-measuring system

— transfer system

— transmission isolation system

— transmission system

— transparency heater system

— transpiration cooling system

— traversing rake system

— trim-control system

— trimming system

— triple component system

— triple redundant system

— triplex system

— triplicated system

— tri-propellant system

— trouble-shoot systems

— tumble-jet system

— turbine system

— turbine-pump system

— turbocharger system

— turbojet-ramjet propulsion system

— turbopump feed system

— turbopump injection system

— turboramjet propulsion system

— turn detection system

— twin rotor system

— two-axis stabilization system

— two-degree-of-freedom system

— two-layer system

— two-motion ejection system

— two-shot system

— two-stage system

— two-star guidance system

— two-way communication system

— ullage system

— underground launching system

— undersea missile system

— underwing fueling system

— unmanned system

— unrestorable system

— update the system

— uprange tracking system

— utility hydraulic system

— vacuum system

— valve-assembly system

— vane actuation system

— vane-actuated system

— vane-controlled gust-alleviation system

— vapor-cycle cooling system

— vaporization system

— vapor-jet system

— variable-drag system

— variable-stability system

— vehicle control system

— vehicle-mounted system

— vernier propulsion system

— vertical erection system

— vestibular system

— vibration measurement system

— visual guidance system

— voice recording system

— voice warning system

— VTOL system

— wake detection system

— warning system

— waste management system

— water deluge system

— water management system

— water recovery system

— waveguide system

— weapon delivery system

— weapon direction system

— weapon-aiming system

— wheel brake system

— wheel braking system

— winchdown system

— windshield defog system

— windshield defrosting system

— wing-crosshaft system

— wing-flap sequencing system

— wing-spoiler system

— wing-suction system

— wing-sweep actuation system

— wing-waggle system

— wing-warping system

— writer-reader system

— yaw damper system

— yaw reaction system

— yaw-axis control system

— zero-altitude escape system

— zero-zero ejection system

— zero-zero landing system

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > system
8 place

place [pleɪs]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

2. transitive verb

3. compounds

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

   a. endroit m

• we came to a place where... nous sommes arrivés à un endroit où...

• this is no place for children ce n'est pas un endroit pour les enfants

• this isn't a nice place for a picnic ce n'est pas l'endroit idéal pour pique-niquer

• from place to place d'un endroit à l'autre

• the time and place of the crime l'heure et le lieu du crime

• this is the place c'est ici

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► A more specific word is often used to translate place.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• it's a small place ( = village) c'est un village

• Brighton is a good place to live Brighton est une ville où il fait bon vivre

• we found some excellent places to eat nous avons trouvé d'excellents restaurants

• to lose one's place in a book perdre sa page dans un livre

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Note adjective + place translated by adjective alone.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• the museum is a huge place le musée est immense

► to take place avoir lieu

► place of + noun

• place of birth/work lieu m de naissance/de travail

• place of refuge refuge m

• place of worship lieu de culte► any/some/no place (inf) (US)

I couldn't find it any place je ne l'ai trouvé nulle part

• some place quelque part

• some place else quelque part ailleurs

• they have no place to go ils n'ont nulle part où aller► to go places (inf) (US = travel) voyager

• he'll go places all right! ( = make good) il ira loin !

• we're going places at last ( = make progress) nous avançons enfin

   b. ( = house) (inf) we were at Anne's place nous étions chez Anne

• come over to our place passez à la maison

• your place or mine? on va chez moi ou chez toi ?

• his business is growing, he needs a bigger place son affaire s'agrandit, il lui faut des locaux plus grands

   c. ( = seat) place f ; (laid at table) couvert m

• a car park with 200 places un parking de 200 places

   d. ( = position) place f

• put the book back in its place remets le livre à sa place

• (if I were) in your place... (si j'étais) à votre place...

• to lose one's place in the queue perdre sa place dans la queue

• to take the place of sb/sth prendre la place de qn/qch

• to take sb's place remplacer qn

• to fit into place ( = become clear) devenir clair

• the moment I changed jobs everything fell into place ( = turned out well) il a suffi que je change de travail pour que tout s'arrange

   e. (in competition) place f

• Paul won the race with Robert in second place Paul a gagné la course et Robert est arrivé deuxième

• Sweden took second place la Suède s'est classée deuxième

• my personal life has had to take second place to my career ma vie privée a dû passer après ma carrière

• the team was in third place l'équipe était en troisième position

• he has risen to second place in the opinion polls il occupe maintenant la deuxième place dans les sondages

• people in high places les gens haut placés

• to put sb in his place remettre qn à sa place

   f. ( = job) place f

• we have a place for a receptionist nous avons une place de réceptionniste

• it's not your place to criticize ce n'est pas à vous de critiquer

   g. (for student, player) place f

• I've got a place to do sociology j'ai réussi à m'inscrire en sociologie

• he's got a place in the team il a été admis dans l'équipe

   h. ( = room) there is no place for racism in the Party le parti ne peut tolérer le racisme

   i. (set structures)

► all over the place (inf) ( = everywhere) partout

• I've looked for him all over the place je l'ai cherché partout► to be in place [object] être à sa place ; [measure, policy, elements] être en place ; [conditions] être rassemblé ; [law, legislation] être en vigueur

► in places ( = here and there) par endroits

• the snow is very deep in places la neige est très profonde par endroits► in place of à la place de

► in the first place d'abord

• in the first place, it will be much cheaper d'abord, ça sera beaucoup moins cher

• we need to consider why so many people are in prison in the first place nous devons d'abord nous demander pourquoi tant de gens sont en prison

• he shouldn't have been there in the first place d'abord, il n'aurait même pas dû être là► in the second place ensuite

► out of place [object, remark] déplacé

• I feel rather out of place here je ne me sens pas à ma place ici

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = put) mettre

• she placed a roll on each plate elle a mis un petit pain sur chaque assiette

• events have placed the president in a difficult position les événements ont mis le président en mauvaise posture

► to be placed

• the picture is placed rather high up le tableau est un peu trop haut

• the house is well placed la maison est bien située

• we are now well placed to... nous sommes maintenant bien placés pour...

   b. ( = rank) placer

• he wasn't placed in the race il n'a pas été placé dans la course

• he places good health among his greatest assets il considère sa bonne santé comme l'un de ses meilleurs atouts

• to place local interests above those of central government placer les intérêts locaux avant ceux de l'État

   c. ( = classify) classer

   d. ( = make) [+ order, contract] passer ; [+ bet] engager

   e. ( = find job for) trouver un emploi pour

• we have so far placed 28 people in permanent jobs jusqu'à présent nous avons réussi à trouver des emplois permanents à 28 personnes

• the agency is trying to place him with a building firm l'agence essaie de lui trouver une place dans une entreprise de construction

   f. ( = identify) situer

• he looked familiar, but I couldn't immediately place him sa tête me disait quelque chose mais je n'arrivais pas à le situer

3. compounds

► place mat noun set m (de table)

► place-name noun nom m de lieu

► place setting noun couvert m

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

‼|/b] The French word [b]place is not the commonest translation for place.

* * *
[pleɪs] 1.
noun

1) (location, position) endroit m

from place to place — d'un endroit à l'autre

same time, same place — même heure, même endroit

in places — [hilly, damaged, worn] par endroits

in several places — ( in region) dans plusieurs endroits; ( on body) à plusieurs endroits

place of birth/work — lieu m de naissance/travail

place of residence — domicile m

this is the place for me! — c'est le rêve ici!

to be in the right place at the right time — être là où il faut quand il le faut

I can't be in two places at once! — je ne peux pas être partout à la fois!

in Oxford, of all places! — à Oxford, figure-toi!

to lose/find one's place — ( in book) perdre/retrouver sa page; (in paragraph, speech) perdre/retrouver le fil

he had no place to go — (colloq) surtout US il n'avait nulle part où aller

some place — (colloq) surtout US quelque part

2) (town, hotel etc) endroit m

a good place to eat — une bonne adresse (pour manger)

a little place called... — un petit village du nom de...

in a place like Kent — dans une région comme le Kent

to be seen in all the right places — se montrer dans les lieux qui comptent

all over the place — ( everywhere) partout; fig (colloq) [speech, lecture] complètement décousu; [hair] en bataille

3) ( home)

David's place — chez David

a place by the sea — une maison au bord de la mer

a place of one's own — un endroit à soi

your place or mine? — chez toi ou chez moi?

4) (seat, space) (on bus, at table, in queue) place f; ( setting) couvert m

to keep a place — garder une place ( for pour)

please take your places — veuillez prendre place

to lay ou set a place for somebody — mettre un couvert pour quelqu'un

5) (on team, with firm) place f (on dans); (on committee, board) siège m (on au sein de)

a place as — une place comme [au pair, cook, cleaner]

6) GB University place f (at à)

to get a place on — obtenir une place dans [course]

she has a place on a carpentry course — elle a été acceptée pour suivre des cours de menuiserie

7) (in competition, race) place f

to finish in first place — terminer premier/-ière or à la première place

to take second place — fig ( in importance) passer au deuxième plan

in the first place — fig ( firstly) en premier lieu; ( at the outset) pour commencer

8) (in order, correct position)

everything is in its place — tout est bien à sa place

to hold something in place — maintenir quelque chose en place

in place — [law, system, scheme] en place

to put somebody in his/her place — remettre quelqu'un à sa place

to know one's place — rester à sa place

9) ( role)

it's not my place to do — ce n'est pas à moi de faire

to take somebody's place — prendre la place de quelqu'un

to have no place in — n'avoir aucune place dans [organization, philosophy]

10) ( situation)

in my/his place — à ma/sa place

to change places with somebody — changer de place avec quelqu'un

11) ( moment) moment m

in places — [funny, boring, silly] par moments
2.
out of place adjectival phrase déplacé

to look out of place — [building, person] détonner

to feel out of place — ne pas se sentir à l'aise
3.
in place of prepositional phrase à la place de [person, object]
4.
transitive verb

1) ( put) placer, mettre [object]; mettre [advertisement]

to place something back on — remettre quelque chose sur [shelf, table]

to place an order for something — passer une commande pour quelque chose

to place emphasis on something — mettre l'accent sur quelque chose

to place one's trust in — placer sa confiance en

to place somebody at risk — faire courir des risques à quelqu'un

2) ( locate) placer

to be awkwardly placed — être mal placé

he is not well placed to judge — il est mal placé pour juger

3) ( rank) ( in competition) classer; ( in exam) GB classer

to be placed third — [horse, athlete] arriver troisième

4) ( identify) situer [person]; reconnaître [accent]

I can't place his face — je ne le reconnais pas

5) Administration (send, appoint) placer [student, trainee] (in dans); ( find home for) placer [child]

to place somebody in charge of a project — confier la direction d'un projet à quelqu'un

••

that young man is really going places — (colloq) voilà un jeune homme qui ira loin

to have friends in high places — avoir des amis haut placés

to fall ou fit into place — devenir clair; take place

English-French dictionary > place
9 control

управление; регулирование; контроль; орган [рычаг] управления; руль; pl. система управления или регулирования; управлять; регулировать

airfield surface movement control — управление движением на лётном поле

airplane elastic mode control — демпфирование упругих колебаний самолёта

back seat flight control — управление ЛА из задней кабины [с места заднего лётчика]; pl. дублирующие органы управления в задней кабине

be out of control — терять управление [управляемость]; выходить из-под управления [контроля]

close-in control of air strikes — непосредственное наведение авиации (при поддержке наземных войск)

constant M(ach number) control — стабилизация числа М или по числу М

continuously variable thrust control — плавное [бесступенчатое] регулирование тяги

control c.g. control — регулирование центровки (ЛА)

control of emergency landing gear selection — управление аварийным выпуском шасси

control of missile attitude — стабилизация ракеты; управление пространственным положением ракеты

control of the air — превосходство или господство в воздухе; превосходство в области авиации [в авиационной технике]; контроль воздушного пространства

control of the yoke — разг. управление штурвалом

control of thrust orientation — управление ориентированием [направлением вектора] тяги

control of velocity corrections — корректирование скорости (полёта)

direct side force control — непосредственное управление боковой силой

electric(ally signalled) flying controls — электродистанционная система управления ЛА

flight deck lighting controls — органы управления [ручки регулировки] освещением кабины экипажа

fling the controls over — перебрасывать органы управления (в противоположную сторону),

flow control with altitude compensation — регулятор расхода [подачи] с высотным корректором

forward stick spin recovery control — вывод из штопора отклонением ручки вперёд

fuel dump valve control — кран [рычаг крана] аварийного слива топлива

fuel tank selector control — управление переключением или рычаг переключателя топливных баков

gas jet attitude control — управление пространственным положением с помощью системы газоструйных рулей

go out of control — терять управление, выходить из-под управления [контроля]

ground rollout rudder steering control — управление пробегом [на пробеге] с помощью руля направления

hand off to approach control — передавать (самолёт) диспетчерскому пункту подхода

high-lift boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем для увеличения подъёмной силы

hold the controls in — удерживать рули в отклонённом положении

individual wheel anti-skid control — автомат торможения на каждом колесе

interconnected fuel and propeller controls — объединённая система регулирования подачи топлива и шага винта

jet tab thrust vector control — управление вектором тяги с помощью газовых рулей; дефлекторное управление вектором тяги

jet thrust directional control — управление изменением направления тяги

jet(-deflection, -direction) control — реактивное [струйное] управление; управление изменением направления тяги; струйный руль

laminar (flow) boundary layer control — ламинаризация обтекания путем управления пограничным слоем

magnetic attitude control of satellite — стабилизация ИСЗ в магнитном поле (Земли)

manual mixture shut-off control — рычаг отсечки подачи горючей смеси, рычаг останова [выключения] двигателя

maximum boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем при наибольшей эффективности [производительности, интенсивности работы] системы

recover the control — восстанавливать управление [управляемость]

respond to the controls — реагировать [отвечать] на отклонение рулей [органов управления]

rocket thrust vector control — управление вектором тяги ракетного двигателя

slam the controls around — беспорядочно действовать рычагами управления

space shuttle orbiter control — управление орбитальной ступенью челночного воздушно-космического аппарата

suction boundary layer control — управление пограничным слоем путем отсоса

throttle and collective pitch control — верт. рычаг «шаг — газ»

turbine inlet temperature controls — система регулирования температуры газов на входе в турбину

turn the controls over — передавать управление (другому лётчику)

— abort control

— abrupt control

— acceleration control

— active control

— adaptive control

— adjustable gain control

— aerial control

— aerodynamic control

— afterburner flow control

— afterburner fuel control

— aileron control

— air conditioning controls

— air inlet control

— air intake control

— air supply control

— air support control

— air traffic control

— air-actuated control

— airborne armament control

— airbrake control

— aircraft control

— airdrome control

— airfield control

— airflow control

— air-fuel ratio control

— air-jet nozzle control

— airlift control

— air-operated control

— airscrew control

— airspeed control

— airways control

— all-movable control

— all-moving control

— all-rigid control

— altitude control

— altitude mixture control

— angular rate control

— anticipatory control

— anti-ice control

— antiskid control

— antispin controls

— applied optimal control

— approach control

— approach/tower control

— area control

— armament-release control

— arresting hook control

— arrival-time control

— assisted control

— at the controls

— atmosphere contaminant control

— atmosphere-entry control

— atmospheric composition control

— atmospheric control

— attitude control

— attitude rate control

— automatic acceleration control

— automatic boost control

— automatic control

— automatic following control

— automatic load control

— automatic mixture-ratio control

— automatic power control

— automatic pressure control

— automatic starting control

— automatic temperature control

— automatic throttle control

— autopilot control

— autopitch control

— auxiliary controls

— azimuth control

— backup control

— ballistic flight control

— bang-bang control

— bank attitude control

— barometric pressure control

— barometric vertical-rate control

— beam-rider control

— beta control

— black-box control

— black-white control

— blade pitch control

— bleed air control

— blowing-boundary-Iayer control

— bomb release control

— bomb-bay door control

— boost control

— booster control

— boundary-layer control

— brake control

— brightness control

— burning control

— button-type control

— cabin air control

— cabin atmosphere control

— cabin conditioning control

— cabin heat control

— cabin pressure control

— cabin temperature control

— cable-operated control

— caging control

— canard control

— canopy jettison control

— carburettor heat control

— cartesian control

— cascade control

— centering control

— center-of-gravity control

— central control

— centralized control

— charging control

— chart light control

— circulation control

— climate control

— closed-cycle control

— closed-loop control

— coarse control

— cockpit flight controls

— cockpit pressure control

— collective pitch control

— combustion mixture control

— command control

— compass light control

— compressed-air control

— computer control

— constant airspeed control

— constant altitude control

— constant-datum boost control

— constant-speed control

— constant-velocity control

— continuous control

— control in transition

— control of airspace

— control of heading

— control of impulse

— conversion control

— coordinating control

— corridor control

— countdown control

— cowling gill control

— crisp control

— cross controls

— cross the controls

— crossfeed control

— crossrange control

— cross-wind control

— cruciform controls

— cruise altitude control

— cruise control

— cycle flight controls

— cyclic pitch control

— damage control

— deceleration control

— decrab control

— defog flow control

— delayed recovery controls

— delta-shaped control

— digital computer control

— digital control

— direct control

— direct lift control

— directional control

— dispatch control

— displacement control

— distance control

— distant control

— diverter valve control

— dosimetric control

— double control

— drag chute control

— drone flight controls

— dual control

— dump-door control

— duplicated control

— dynamic control

— earth-pointing attitude control

— ejection control

— electric control

— electrohydraulic control

— electromagnetic control

— electromechanical control

— electronic temperature control

— electropneumatic control

— elevating control

— elevator control

— elevon control

— emergency control

— emergency escape control

— energy-balance adaptive control

— engage control

— engine controls

— engine fuel control

— engine inlet control

— engine power control

— engine rpm control

— engine speed control

— environmental control

— erivative control

— exhaust deflection control

— exhaust nozzle control

— exoatmospheric control

— exponential control

— external control

— fail-safe control

— fail-soft control

— failure-survival control

— failure-surviving control

— fan control

— fan louver control

— feathering control

— feedback control

— feedline control

— fight the controls

— fire control

— fixed control

— fixed-path control

— flap boundary-layer control

— flap control

— flare computer control

— flareout control

— flettner control

— flexible nozzle control

— flicker control

— flight control

— flight director control

— flight path control

— flip-flop control

— floating control

— flow control

— flow scheduling control

— fluid flow control

— fluid shutoff control

— flying control

— flying servo control

— flywheel control

— foot control

— fore-and-aft control

— free control

— frequency control

— friction control

— fuel control

— fuel cutoff control

— fuel pressure control

— fuel-flow control

— fuel-metering control

— full-span control

— fully boosted control

— fully crossed controls

— fully powered control

— gain control

— gas-flow control

— gimbaling control

— glidepath control

— glideslope control

— gravitational control

— gravity control

— ground-based control

— ground rollout control

— ground vectoring control

— guidance control

— gyrorudder control

— hand control

— hands-off control

— harmonic rotor control

— heading control

— heat transfer control

— height control

— height-lock control

— high-altitude control

— high-level control

— high-speed control

— homing control

— horse the controls

— hover control

— human control

— human flight control

— hydraulic power control

— hydraulic rotor control

— hypersonic speed control

— hypervelocity control

— ice control

— identification-friend-or-foe control

— IFF control

— ignition-system controls

— incremental control

— independent control

— indirect control

— inertial control

— in-flight control

— initial control

— inlet control

— in-orbit control

— Instrumental control

— intake control

— integrated controls

— intensity control

— interceptor control

— interlocked control

— internal control

— irreversible control

— isodromic control

— jammed controls

— jetevator control

— jet-nozzle control

— jet-vane control

— joystick control

— knob control

— laminar flow control

— landing control

— landing gear control

— landing lights control

— lateral control

— lateral-directional control

— launching control

— lead control

— lead-homing control

— level control

— lift control

— linear control

— local control

— localizer control

— longitudinal control

— long-ranged control

— louver control

— low-altitude control

— low-level control

— low-power control

— low-speed control

— Mach number control

— main fuel control

— maintain control

— maneuvering control

— man-in-the-loop control

— manned control

— manned spacecraft control

— manual control

— manual flying control

— manual override control

— marginal control

— mass-expulsion attitude control

— mass-flow control

— mass-motion attitude control

— mechanical control

— midcourse control

— minimax control

— misapply controls

— missile flying control

— missile-launching controls

— missile-operation control

— mission control

— mixed weapons control

— mixture-ratio control

— mobile runway control

— model control

— modulating control

— moisture control

— moving-wing control

— negative control

— neutralized controls

— noise abatement control

— noise control

— nonatmospheric control

— non-computerized control

— nonlinear control

— nose control

— nosewheel steering control

— nozzle area control

— nozzle-spike control

— numerical control

— off-line control

— one-hand control

— one-motion ejection control

— on-line control

— on-off control

— open-cycle control

— open-ended control

— open-loop control

— operations control

— orbital control

— overheat control

— override control

— overriding control

— over-sensitive control

— overspeed control

— overtemperature control

— oxygen flow control

— partial aileron control

— partial-span controls

— passive control

— path control

— pedal control

— period control

— periodic control

— phase control

— phugoid control

— pilot control

— pilot-operated control

— pinpoint control

— pitch control

— pitch-axis control

— pitch-position control

— pitch-rate control

— pitot heater controls

— pneumatic control

— polar control

— position control

— positive control

— power control

— power outlet controls

— power-assisted control

— power-boosted control

— powered control

— powerful control

— power-operated control

— powerplant control

— precise control

— preprogramed control

— preselected control

— preset control

— pressure control

— pressurization control

— primary control

— process control

— programed control

— proinverted spin controls

— propeller pitch control

— propeller reversal control

— proportional-type control

— propulsive control

— pro-spin controls

— puff-pipe control

— pulse control

— push-pull rod control

— radar control

— radio control

— radio cooling control

— ramjet engine control

— ramp control

— range control

— range-safety control

— rate control

— rate-of-climb control

— rate-of-descent control

— rate-plus-displacement control

— RCS manual controls

— reaction control

— real-time control

— rear control

— recontact approach control

— recovery control

— reentry control

— regain the control

— release control

— removable controls

— rescue hoist control

— rescue winch control

— responsive control

— retarded control

— reticle depression control

— reticle intensity control

— reversible control

— ride the controls

— rocket control

— rocket-engine control

— rocket-motor control

— rod control

— roll control

— roll-axis control

— roll-out control

— roll-position control

— roll-rate control

— rotational control

— rotational speed control

— rotor control

— rpm control

— rudder control

— rudder steering control

— rudder trim-tab control

— run out of control

— runway control

— satellite landing control

— secondary flight control

— self-adaptive control

— selsyn control

— sensitive control

— sensitivity control

— sequence control

— servo control

— servo-flap control

— servo-loop control

— servomechanism control

— set the controls

— shift control

— shock-interference control

— side-to-side control

— single-axis control

— single-lever master control

— skewed wing-tip control

— skid control

— slap the controls

— slow-speed control

— sluggish control

— smoke control

— smooth control

— solar-pointing control

— solid-propellant engine control

— sonic burning control

— sonic combustion control

— space attitude control

— space control

— space shuttle control

— space vehicle control

— spacecraft control

— spacecraft-geometry control

— space-suit thermal control

— spatial attitude control

— speed control

— spike control

— spike-deflection control

— spin control

— spin-rate control

— spin-recovery controls

— split axis control

— spoiler control

— spotlight control

— spring-tab control

— stability augmentation control

— stagnation temperature control

— stall prevention controls

— stall recovery controls

— star-pointing attitude control

— starting control

— starting-fuel control

— static control

— stator-blade control

— steering control

— step-by-step control

— stepless control

— stepped control

— stick control

— stick-and-pedal control

— strain control

— suboptimal control

— subsonic speed control

— suit temperature control

— supercharger control

— supersonic speed control

— surge-free control

— swash-plate control

— sweep control

— synchro control

— tactical air control

— tail control

— tailless control

— tailplane control

— tail-rotor pitch control

— take over control

— take the controls

— takeoff control

— taxying control

— television control

— temperature control

— terminal control

— terminal-velocity control

— terrestrial control

— thermal comfort control

— thermal control

— thermostatic control

— three-axis control

— three-dimensional control

— throttle control

— throttle friction control

— thrust augmentation control

— thrust control

— thrust deflector control

— thrust level control

— thrust reversal control

— thrust-direction control

— thrust-vector control

— tight control

— tilt angle control

— timed control

— time-optimal control

— toe-operated control

— touchdown control

— towing control

— toxicological control

— tracking mode control

— traffic control

— trailing-edge control

— trajectory control

— translational control

— transonic speed control

— transponder set control

— trim control

— trimming-tab control

— turbine speed control

— turbojet engine control

— turbopump control

— turn control

— turn-rate control

— twin controls

— twin-wire control

— twist-and-steer control

— two-hand control

— under control

— undercarriage control

— undersensitive control

— unpowered control

— variable inlet control

— variable stator controls

— variable-datum boost control

— vector control

— vectoring control

— velocity control

— vernier control

— vernier-engine control

— vertical control

— vertical rate control

— visual control

— voltage control

— warm air control

— water injection control

— weapons fire control

— weather control

— wheel control

— windshield wiper control

— wing control

— wing sweep control

— wire control

— wireless control

— with dual controls

— yaw control

— yaw-axis control

— yaw-position control

— yaw-rate control

— zero boundary-layer control

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > control
10 control

1) контроль

2) контрольный
3) обоснование
4) обосновывать
5) оперативный
6) регулировать
7) регулировочный орган
8) совладать
9) управление
10) управляемость
11) управляющий
12) штурвальный
13) регулировка
14) управлять
15) проверять
16) регулирование
17) инструкция
18) исполнительный
19) контролировать
20) проверка
21) проверочный
22) регулирующий
– absence of control
– air traffic control
– air-traffic control
– analysis is in control
– anticipatory control
– arc control device
– association control
– attenuation control
– attitude control
– automatic control
– autonomous control
– autothrottle control
– bang-bang control
– be in control
– be out of control
– bin control gate
– brightness control
– bucket tip control
– bulge control
– centralized control
– closed-cycle control
– complete control
– context control
– continuous control
– contrast control
– control accuracy
– control action
– control actuator
– control agent
– control air
– control algorithm
– control amplifier
– control and display
– control assembly
– control beam
– control bus
– control button
– control cabinet
– control cable
– control cam
– control center
– control channel
– control character
– control characteristic
– control circuit
– control code
– control column
– control combination
– control computer
– control crank
– control criterion
– control current
– control cylinder
– control data
– control desk
– control electrode
– control electronics
– control element
– control equipment
– control factor
– control flutter
– control force
– control function
– control gate
– control gear
– control graphitization
– control instruction
– control jet
– control joint
– control key
– control knob
– control lag
– control lever
– control limit
– control linkages
– control links
– control loop
– control magnet
– control means
– control mode
– control module
– control motor
– control of airplane
– control office
– control operation
– control panel
– control pedal
– control position
– control problem
– control pulse
– control range
– control reactor
– control register
– control relay
– control response
– control room
– control shaft
– control spin
– control statement
– control stick
– control surface
– control survey
– control switch
– control temperature
– control theory
– control track
– control transistor
– control unit
– control vector
– control voltage
– control weeds
– control winding
– control wiring
– corrosion control
– dash control
– data control
– derivative control
– digital control
– direct control
– distance control
– disturbance-compensating control
– dive-recovery control
– duplicate control
– dust control
– ease of control
– elevator control
– emergency control
– end-point control
– engine control
– environment control
– error control
– error-closing control
– exclusive control
– extension of control
– feed control
– feed-back control
– feedback control
– filament control
– fine control
– fire control
– flight control
– floating control
– flood control
– flow-rate control
– focus control
– frequency control
– front-panel control
– gain control
– ganged control
– geodetic control
– go out of control
– ground control
– gyrorudder control
– hand control
– headwater control
– height control
– hierarchical control
– in-process control
– independent control
– indirect control
– industrial control
– input-output control
– integral control
– interacting control
– intermittent control
– inventory control
– jet control
– job control language
– layout of control
– leather control
– level control
– linearity control
– load control
– local control
– lose control
– loss of control
– manual control
– master control
– meduim-access control
– meduim-access control
– mission control
– multicircuit control
– noise control
– numerical control
– off-line control
– on-line control
– on-off control
– open-loop control
– operating control
– optimal control
– optimization control
– out of control
– pass control
– path control
– path of control
– pedal control
– pest control
– phase control
– phase-lock control
– piano-key control
– plan control
– point of control
– point-to-point control
– power-assisted control
– product control
– program control
– programmed control
– proportional control
– proportional-plus-floating control
– push-button control
– pushbutton control
– quality control
– radio control
– ramp control
– reaction control
– recovery control
– regain control
– register control
– remotability of control
– remote control
– roll control
– rudder control
– run-off control
– sampled-data control
– segregate control
– selectivity control
– self-acting control
– sensitivity control
– servo control
– slide control
– slope control
– statistical control
– steering control
– supervisory control
– take control
– technical control
– temperature control
– throttle control
– tone control
– touch control
– traffic control
– tuning control
– vertical control
– vibration control
– voice-activated control
– volume control

accuracy control character — признак точности

aerodynamic control surface — руль управления аэродинамический

aileron control force — усилие на штурвал от элеронов

automated system control — АСУ

automatic control equipment — аппаратура автоматического управления

automatic flight control — автоуправление полетом

automatic frequency control — частотная АПЧ, автоматическая настройка частоты

automatic gain control — <tech.> регулировка усиления автоматическая

automatic gain control circuit — АРУ

automatic pressure control — автомат давления

automatic remote control — <comput.> телеавтоматика

automatic voltage control — регулирование напряжения автоматическое

bang-bang control action — двухпозиционное регулирование

bang-bang control system — <comput.> система управления релейная

by-pass damper control — газовое регулирование перегрева

cancelling control button — < railways> кнопка отмены

central control board — центральный щит приборов

central control console — пульт управления центральный

central control room — центральная аппаратная

centralized traffic control — < railways> централизация

conditional transfer of control — условная передача управления

control aisle of a substation — коридор управления подстанции

control feed cylinder — загрузочный цилиндр

control ignition timing — регулировать зажигание

control in pitch of airplane — продольное управление самолетом

control point adjustment — настройка точки регулирования, <engin.> задатчик

control power winding — силовая обмотка

control rocket motor — рулевой ракетный двигатель

control system analyzer — анализатор системы регулирования

control tower service — <aeron.> служба диспетчерская

coordinated phosphate control — коррекционная обработка воды

damage control center — пост живучести

data flow control — управление потоком данных

data link control — процедура контроля передачи данных

differential control method — дифференцированный метод контроля

direct digital control — прямое цифровое управление

dispatcher's supervisory control — телеуправление диспетчерское

disturb the control setting — нарушать регулировку

division of technical control — отдел технического контроля

exclusive data control — монопольное управление данными

feed control valve — питательный клапан

final control element — регулирующий орган

fire control computer — счетно-решающее устройство для управления артиллерийским огнем

fire control director — прибор управления артиллерийским огнем

floating control mode — <comput.> способ регулирования астатический

grid control unit — блок сеточного управления

horizontal control point — плановая опорная точка

horizontal hold control — регулятор частоты строк

infinitely fast control — безынерционное управление

integral control mode — астатический закон регулирования

intermittent gain control — < radio> регулировка усиления временная

lateral control of airplane — поперечное управление самолетом

lower control limit — нижний контрольный пробел

manual gain control — ручная регулировка усиления

master control board — щит управления главный

master switch control — контроллерное управление

message control program — программа управления сообщениями

microprocessor control system — микропроцессорная система управления

multipath control unit — групповой контроллер

operated by remote control — телеуправляемый

pitch control mechanism — механизм изменения шага

plotter control tape — лента управления графопостроителем

pressure control instrument — <tech.> маностат

proportional control factor — <comput.> коэффициент пропорционального регулирования

proportional control mode — статический закон регулирования

quality control method — метод контроля качества

range finder control — <geod.> метод дальномерно-базисный

reactance control circuit — управитель частоты

reactor control system — <engin.> система управления и защиты

release exclusive control — снять монопольное управление

remote control interlocking — < railways> телецентрализация, централизация дистанционная

river control structure — <geol.> сооружение выправительное

route control interlocking — маршрутная централизация

screwdriver slot of control — регулировочный шлиц

servo control unit — <engin.> гидроусилитель

setting on points of control — метод продолжения

shared-path control unit — разделенный контроллер

single-path control unit — индивидуальный контроллер

spotting gain control — доводка усиления

spray-type superheat control — впрысковое регулирование перегрева

statistical process control — управление статистическое

supervisory control system — <comput.> автодиспетчер

table control ram — цилиндр управления жаткой

temperature control device — терморегулятор

temperature control system — система терморегулирования

thermostatic temperature control — ключевое термостатирование

thrust vector control — управление вектором тяги

twin wire control — двухпроводное управление

vertical control point — высотная опорная точка

vertical hold control — регулировка кадровой синхронизации

volume range control — регулирование динамического диапазона

Англо-русский технический словарь > control
11 place

place [pleɪs]

endroit ⇒ 1 (a) lieu ⇒ 1 (a) maison ⇒ 1 (c) place ⇒ 1 (d)-(f), 1 (h), 1 (i) couvert ⇒ 1 (g) poste ⇒ 1 (h) avoir lieu ⇒ 1 (k) placer ⇒ 2 (a)-(d), 2 (g) (se) remettre ⇒ 2 (e) passer ⇒ 2 (f)

1 noun

(a) (gen → spot, location) endroit m, lieu m;

∎ this is the place c'est ici;

∎ place of death/amusement lieu m de décès/de divertissement;

∎ the place where the accident happened l'endroit où a eu lieu l'accident;

∎ keep the documents in a safe place gardez les documents en lieu sûr;

∎ store in a cool place (on packaging) à conserver au frais;

∎ this is neither the time nor the place to discuss it ce n'est ni le moment ni le lieu pour en discuter;

∎ this looks like a good place to pitch the tent l'endroit semble parfait pour monter la tente;

∎ I had no particular place to go je n'avais nulle part où aller;

∎ you can't be in two places at once on ne peut pas être en deux endroits à la fois;

∎ her leg is fractured in two places elle a deux fractures à la jambe;

∎ there are still one or two places where the text needs changing le texte doit encore être modifié en un ou deux endroits;

∎ to go places (travel) aller quelque part;

∎ figurative that girl will go places! cette fille ira loin!

(b) (locality)

∎ do you know the place well? est-ce que tu connais bien le coin?;

∎ she comes from a place called Barton elle vient d'un endroit qui s'appelle Barton;

∎ the whole place went up in flames (building) tout l'immeuble s'est embrasé; (house) toute la maison s'est embrasée;

∎ how long have you been working in this place? depuis combien de temps travaillez-vous ici?;

∎ we had lunch at a little place in the country nous avons déjeuné dans un petit restaurant de campagne;

∎ can you recommend a place to eat? pouvez-vous me recommander un restaurant?;

∎ I'm looking for a place to stay je cherche un logement;

∎ familiar to shout or to scream the place down hurler comme un forcené;

∎ the other place British University (at Oxford) Cambridge; (at Cambridge) Oxford; British Parliament (in House of Commons) la Chambre des Lords; (in House of Lords) la Chambre des Communes

(c) (house) maison f; (flat) appartement m;

∎ they have a place in the country ils ont une maison de campagne;

∎ familiar nice place you've got here c'est joli chez toi^□ ;

∎ familiar your place or mine? on va chez toi ou chez moi?^□ ;

∎ familiar they met up at Ali's place ils se sont retrouvés chez Ali^□

(d) (position) place f;

∎ take your places! prenez vos places!;

∎ everything is in its place tout est à sa place;

∎ put it back in its proper place remets-le à sa place;

∎ it occupies a central place in his philosophy cela occupe une place centrale dans sa philosophie;

∎ I lost my place in the queue j'ai perdu ma place dans la file d'attente;

∎ I've lost my place (in a book) je ne sais plus où j'en étais;

∎ push the lever till it clicks into place poussez le levier jusqu'au déclic;

∎ figurative suddenly everything fell or clicked into place (I understood) tout à coup, ça a fait tilt; (everything went well) tout d'un coup, tout s'est arrangé;

∎ what would you do (if you were) in my place? que feriez-vous (si vous étiez) à ma place?;

∎ try and put yourself in his place essaie de te mettre à sa place;

∎ I wouldn't change places with her for anything pour rien au monde je n'aimerais être à sa place;

∎ his anger gave place to pity sa colère a fait place à un sentiment de pitié

(e) (role, function) place f;

∎ robots took the place of human workers des robots ont remplacé les hommes dans l'accomplissement de leur tâche;

∎ if she leaves there's nobody to take or to fill her place si elle part, il n'y a personne pour la remplacer;

∎ it's not really my place to say ce n'est pas à moi de le dire

(f) (seat → on train, in theatre etc) place f; (→ on committee) siège m;

∎ she gave up her place to an old man elle a offert sa place à un vieux monsieur;

∎ save me a place garde-moi une place;

∎ there are a few places left on the next flight il reste quelques places sur le prochain vol;

∎ she has a place on the new commission elle siège à la nouvelle commission;

∎ to change places with sb changer de place avec qn;

∎ we changed places so that he could sit by the window nous avons échangé nos places pour qu'il puisse s'asseoir près de la fenêtre

(g) (table setting) couvert m;

∎ how many places should I set? combien de couverts dois-je mettre?

(h) (post, vacancy) place f, poste m;

∎ to get a place at university être admis à l'université;

∎ there is keen competition for university places il y a une forte compétition pour les places en faculté

(i) (ranking → in competition, hierarchy etc) place f;

∎ the prize for second place le prix pour la deuxième place;

∎ Brenda took third place in the race/exam Brenda a terminé troisième de la course/a été reçue troisième à l'examen;

∎ the team is in fifth place l'équipe est en cinquième position;

∎ Horseracing to back a horse for a place jouer un cheval placé;

∎ for me, work takes second place to my family pour moi, la famille passe avant le travail;

∎ he needs to find his place in society il a besoin de trouver sa place dans la société;

∎ I'll soon put him in his place j'aurai vite fait de le remettre à sa place;

∎ to know one's place savoir se tenir à sa place

(j) Mathematics

∎ to three decimal places, to three places of decimals jusqu'à la troisième décimale

(k) to take place (to happen) avoir lieu;

∎ the meeting will take place in Geneva la réunion aura lieu à Genève;

∎ many changes have taken place il y a eu beaucoup de changements;

∎ while this was taking place tandis que cela se passait

(l) American (in adverbial phrases)

∎ no place nulle part;

∎ I'm not going any place je ne vais nulle part;

∎ some place quelque part;

∎ I've looked every place j'ai cherché partout

2 transitive verb

(a) (put, set) placer, mettre;

∎ she placed the vase on the shelf elle a mis le vase sur l'étagère;

∎ to place a book back on a shelf remettre un livre (en place) sur un rayon;

∎ to place a book with a publisher confier un livre à un éditeur;

∎ he placed an ad in the local paper il a fait passer ou mis une annonce dans le journal local;

∎ the proposals have been placed before the committee les propositions ont été soumises au comité;

∎ to place a matter in sb's hands mettre une affaire dans les mains de qn;

∎ I place myself at your disposal je me mets à votre disposition

(b) (find work or a home for) placer;

∎ to place sb in care placer qn;

∎ all the refugee children have been placed tous les enfants réfugiés ont été placés

(c) (usu passive) (situate) placer, situer;

∎ the house is well placed la maison est bien située;

∎ strategically placed airfields des terrains d'aviation stratégiquement situés;

∎ you are better placed to judge than I am vous êtes mieux placé que moi pour en juger;

∎ British industry is well placed to… l'industrie britannique est à même de…;

∎ we met several people similarly placed nous avons rencontré plusieurs personnes qui se trouvaient dans la même situation;

∎ how are we placed for time? combien de temps avons-nous?;

∎ how are you placed for money at the moment? quelle est ta situation financière en ce moment?

(d) (usu passive) (rank → in competition, race etc) placer, classer;

∎ she was placed third elle était en troisième position;

∎ the runners placed in the first five go through to the final les coureurs classés dans les cinq premiers participent à la finale;

∎ the horse we bet on wasn't even placed le cheval sur lequel nous avions parié n'est même pas arrivé placé;

∎ I would place her amongst the best writers of our time je la classerais parmi les meilleurs écrivains de notre époque

(e) (identify) (se) remettre;

∎ I can't place him je n'arrive pas à (me) le remettre

(f) (order, contract) passer ( with à);

∎ to place an order for sth passer commande de qch;

∎ to place a bet faire un pari;

∎ to place a bet on sb/sth parier sur qn/qch;

∎ place your bets! (in casino) faites vos jeux!

(g) (invest → funds) placer; (sell → goods, shares) placer, vendre

3 intransitive verb

American (in racing) être placé

4 all over the place adverb

familiar (everywhere) partout^□ ; (untidy) en désordre^□ ;

∎ you always leave your things all over the place! tu laisses toujours traîner tes affaires partout!;

∎ my hair's all over the place je suis complètement décoiffé^□ ;

∎ figurative the team were all over the place l'équipe a joué n'importe comment^□ ;

∎ these figures are all over the place (are inaccurate) ces chiffres ont été calculés n'importe comment^□ ;

∎ at the interview he was all over the place (panicking, unclear) il a raconté n'importe quoi à l'entretien^□

5 in place adverb

(a) (steady) en place;

∎ hold it in place while I nail it in tiens-le en place pendant que je le cloue

(b) (on the spot → run, jump) sur place

6 in place of preposition

à la place de;

∎ she came in place of her sister elle est venue à la place de sa sœur

7 in places adverb

par endroits

8 in the first place adverb

∎ what drew your attention to it in the first place? qu'est-ce qui a attiré votre attention à l'origine ou en premier lieu?;

∎ I didn't want to come in the first place d'abord, je ne voulais même pas venir;

∎ in the first place, it's too big, and in the second place… premièrement, c'est trop grand, et deuxièmement…, primo, c'est trop grand, et secundo…

9 out of place adjective

∎ the wardrobe looks out of place in such a small room l'armoire n'a pas l'air à sa place dans une pièce aussi petite;

∎ he felt out of place amongst so many young people il ne se sentait pas à sa place parmi tous les jeunes;

∎ he didn't look out of place il ne déparait pas;

∎ such remarks are out of place at a funeral de telles paroles sont déplacées lors d'un enterrement

►► place of birth lieu m de naissance;

place of business lieu m de travail;

place card = carte marquant la place de chaque convive à table;

Marketing place of delivery lieu m de livraison;

Finance place of issue lieu m d'émission;

Sport place kick coup m de pied placé;

place mat set m (de table);

place of residence résidence f, domicile m (réel);

British Law place of safety order = ordonnance autorisant une personne ou un organisme à garder des enfants maltraités en lieu sûr;

place setting couvert m;

place of work lieu m de travail;

place of worship lieu m de culte

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > place
12 state

1. n тк. состояние, положение

normal state — нормальное состояние

state of decay — состояние упадка

state of siege — осадное положение

state of war — состояние войны

state of affairs — положение дел

state of the case — обстоятельства дела

state of the facts — фактическое положение дел

state of health — состояние здоровья

bus state — состояние шины

gel state — состояние геля

state code — код состояния

input state — состояние ввода

show state — состояние показа

2. n строение, структура

gaseous state of water — газообразное состояние воды

3. n общественное положение,

persons in every state of life — люди разного звания

piteous state — жалкое положение

state of affairs — положение дел

state of siege — осадное положение

state indicator — указатель положения

the state of things — положение вещей

4. n великолепие, пышность; помпа, парадность

state apartments — парадные покои

state call — официальный визит

the state coach — королевская парадная карета

state entry — торжественное появление

state occasion — торжественный случай

to arrive in great state — прибыть с большой помпой

to lie in state — быть выставленным для торжественного прощания

5. n напряжённое или возбуждённое состояние

to be in a state — быть в затруднении или в волнении

to work oneself into a state — взвинтить себя

he was in quite a state about it — он был очень взволнован этим

forced state transition — принудительное изменение состояния

central excitatory state — центральное состояние возбуждения

Clapeyron equation of state — уравнение состояния Клайперона

stationary quantum state — стационарное квантовое состояние

high-voltage state — состояние с высоким уровнем напряжения

6. n полигр. корректурный оттиск гравюры

7. v излагать; заявлять; формулировать

to state the question — излагать вопрос

to state a case — формулировать спорные вопросы по делу

to state an account — дать отчёт

8. v констатировать, утверждать

he positively stated that he had never seen the accused man — он решительно утверждал, что никогда не видел обвиняемого

9. v устанавливать; точно определять

to state the time for a meeting — назначить время собрания

10. v редк. помещать, располагать, размещать

11. n государство

federal state — федеративное государство

aggressor state — государство-агрессор

delinquent state — государство-правонарушитель

states parties — государства — участники

a state within a state — государство в государстве

reasons of state — государственные соображения

leader of State — руководитель государства

to establish a state — создать государство

a waterlocked state — островное государство

corporate state — корпоративное государство

dissolution of a state — распад государства

12. n государственный аппарат

state owned — государственный

state bank — государственный банк

state loan — государственный заем

state park — государственный парк

state order — государственный заказ

13. n государственная власть; светская власть

Church and State — церковь и государство

state visit — государственный визит

State power — государственная власть

State system — государственный строй

state budget — государственный бюджет

state council — государственный совет

14. n разг. госдепартамент

to clear the project with State — согласовать программу с госдепартаментом

department of state — госдепартамент

state department official — представитель госдепартамента

state departament official — представитель госдепартамента

15. n штат

the State of Texas — штат Техас

state decision — решение суда штата

state provision — норма права штата

Cornhusker State — «Кукурузный штат»

Peninsula State — Полуостровной штат

governor of state — губернатор штата

16. n разг. Соединённые Штаты Америки

of the state — штата

black state — черный штат

state agency — орган штата

Prairie State — штат Прерий

state force — полиция штата

17. a государственный

state service — государственная служба

state boundary — государственная граница

state law — государственное право

state treaty — государственный договор

state capitalism — государственный капитализм

state secret — государственная тайна

state business — дело государственной важности

state prisoner — лицо, осуждённое за политическое преступление, политический заключённый

state credit — государственный кредит

state sector — государственный сектор

State figure — государственный деятель

state border — государственная граница

state church — государственная церковь

18. a амер. относящийся к штату

State law — право штата, закон штата

attorney for the state — атторней штата

state claim — иск на основе права штата

Lone-Star State — штат «Одинокой звезды»

state conviction — осуждение судом штата

act of state — акт государственной власти

Синонимический ряд:

1. federal (adj.) federal; governmental; national; official

2. government (adj.) government; public

3. attitude (noun) attitude; mood; morale; spirits

4. form (noun) constitution; form; phase; structure

5. glory (noun) glory; grandeur; pomp; splendor

6. nation (noun) commonwealth; community; country; federation; government; kingdom; land; nation; polity; republic

7. principality (noun) principality; province; territory

8. status (noun) cachet; capacity; case; character; circumstance; circumstances; condition; consequence; dignity; estate; footing; mode; place; plight; position; posture; predicament; prestige; quality; rank; situation; standing; station; stature; status

9. allege (verb) allege; claim; profess

10. certify (verb) certify; confirm; validate

11. describe (verb) describe; elucidate; explain; expound; present

12. disclose (verb) disclose; divulge; manifest; reveal

13. hold (verb) affirm; assert; asseverate; aver; avouch; avow; contend; declare; hold; insist; maintain

14. relate (verb) narrate; recite; recount; rehearse; relate; report

15. say (verb) affirm; air; articulate; assert; authorise; authorize; bring out; chime in; come out with; communicate; convey; declare; deliver; determine; enounce; enunciate; express; fix; give; pronounce; put; say; speak; tell; throw out; utter; vent; ventilate; vocalise; voice

Антонимический ряд:

deny; hide; simplicity; suppress; unofficial; withhold

English-Russian base dictionary > state
13 market

(mkt)

ком., марк. n ринок; a ринковий

1. система відносин, які виникають між покупцем і продавцем та завершуються операціями купівлі-продажу товарів чи послуг; ♦ поняття «ринок» можна охарактеризувати з погляду просторового аспекту (місцевий, регіональний, міжнародний та ін. ринки); функціонального (роздрібний продаж, оптова торгівля); видів продукції тощо; 2. група покупців даного товару чи послуги

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active market активний ринок • жвавий ринок; agricultural commodities market сільськогосподарський ринок • ринок сільськогосподарської продукції; American market американський ринок; apparel market ринок одягу; auction market аукціонний ринок; Australian market австралійський ринок; bear market біржовий ринок, на якому спостерігається тенденція до зниження курсів • ринок «ведмедів» • біржа, на якій спостерігається тенденція до зниження курсів; bid market ринок продавця; black market чорний ринок; blocked market заблокований ринок • заморожений ринок; bond market ринок облігацій • ринок довгострокового позикового капіталу; brand-loyal market ринок, прихильний до марки; brisk market активний ринок • жвавий ринок; broad — активний ринок • жвавий ринок; bull market біржовий ринок, на якому спостерігається тенденція до підвищення курсів • ринок «биків» • біржа, на якій спостерігається тенденція до підвищення курсів; buoyant market ринок, який характеризується зростанням цін • зростаюча ринкова кон'юнктура; business market діловий ринок • ринок ділових підприємств; buyer's market ринок покупців • ринок, який характеризується зниженням цін; call money market ринок онкольних позик; Canadian market канадський ринок; capital market ринок капіталу; captive market захоплений ринок; cash market касовий ринок; central market центральний ринок; central wholesale markets оптові ринки сільськогосподарської продукції; closed market закритий ринок; commercial market торговельний ринок • комерційний ринок; commodity market товарний ринок • ринок товарів; common market спільний ринок; competitive market конкурентний ринок • ринок продавців, що конкурують; concentrated market концентрований ринок; congested market перевантажений ринок • переповнений ринок; consumer market ринок споживчих товарів; consumer goods market ринок споживчих товарів; control market контрольний ринок; conventional market традиційний ринок; core market первинний ринок • основний ринок; corn market ринок збіжжя • зернова біржа; credit market кредитний ринок • ринок кредитів; crowded market перенасичений ринок; curb market чорний ринок • неофіційний ринок цінних паперів; currency market валютний ринок; customer market ринок клієнтів; dead market млявий ринок • мертвий ринок; debt market ринок боргових зобов'язань; demographic market демографічний ринок • ринок демографічної групи; depressed market млявий ринок; deregulated market нерегульований ринок; desirable market перспективний ринок; developed market розвинений ринок; diet market ринок дієтичних продуктів; discount market обліковий ринок • дисконтний ринок; discount retailing market ринок роздрібної торгівлі за зниженими цінами; distant market віддалений ринок; domestic market внутрішній ринок; donor market ринок пожертводавців; dual exchange market валютний ринок з подвійним режимом (фіксованого і вільного валютного курсу); dull market млявий ринок; easy market легкодоступний ринок; editorial market редакційний ринок; educational market ринок навчальних послуг; employment market ринок робочих місць; entertainment market ринок розваг; equity market ринок акцій; established market стабільний ринок • сформований ринок; Eurocurrency market євровалютний ринок; expanding market зростаючий ринок • ринок, що розростається; exploratory market пробний ринок; export market експортний ринок; external market зовнішній ринок; farmer's market сільськогосподарський ринок • ринок сільськогосподарської продукції; fast-food market ринок продуктів швидкого приготування; financial market фінансовий ринок; flea market товчок • тандитний ринок (діал.) • блошиний ринок; food market ринок харчових товарів; foreign market закордонний ринок • зовнішній ринок; foreign exchange market ринок закордонної валюти; fourth market ринок четвертого ступеня; free market вільний ринок; freight market фрахтовий ринок; futures market ф'ючерсний ринок; global market всесвітній ринок • світовий ринок; gold market ринок золота; government market збут товарів та послуг державними установами; grain market ринок збіжжя • зернова біржа; grey market «сірий» ринок • неконтрольований грошовий ринок; growing market зростаючий ринок • ринок, що розростається; hard-sell market ринок з високою конкуренцією продавців; health care market ринок засобів охорони здоров'я; heterogeneous market неоднорідний ринок; high income market ринок покупців з високим доходом; home market внутрішній ринок; home video market ринок побутової відеоапаратури • ринок програм для побутової відеоапаратури; homogeneous market однорідний ринок; housing market ринок житла; illegal market нелегальний ринок; imperfect market недосконалий ринок; inactive market млявий ринок • застій на ринку; individual market окремий ринок; industrial market ринок товарів промислового значення • ринок промислових підприємств; information market ринок інформації; initial market початковий ринок; institutional market ринок організацій; insurance market страховий ринок; interbank market міжбанківський ринок; intermediate market проміжний ринок; internal market внутрішній ринок; international market міжнародний ринок; international monetary market міжнародний валютний ринок; introductory market ринок, на який виставляється новий товар; investment market інвестиційний ринок; job market ринок робочих місць; kerb market чорний ринок • неофіційний ринок цінних паперів; labour market ринок праці • ринок робочої сили; large market великий ринок; large-volume market ринок великого обсягу; legal market офіційний ринок; license market ринок ліцензій; lifestyle market ринок товарів, які відповідають різним стилям життя; limited market обмежений ринок; liquid market ліквідний ринок; livestock market ринок худоби; loan market ринок позик; loanable funds market ринок позичкового капіталу; local market місцевий ринок; locked market закритий ринок; low-end market ринок дешевих товарів і послуг; lucrative market прибутковий ринок; main market головний ринок • основний ринок; major market головний ринок • основний ринок; manpower market ринок робочої сили; mass market масовий ринок; mature market повністю сформований ринок; media market ринок засобів реклами; merchandise market товарний ринок; middle-class market ринок покупців середнього класу; mid-range market ринок товарів середньої вартості • ринок послуг середньої вартості; military market ринок продукції військового призначення; money market грошовий ринок; monopolistically competitive market ринок монополістичної конкуренції; monopolized market монополізований ринок; narrow market обмежений ринок • вузький ринок; national market національний ринок; nationwide market загальнонаціональний ринок; offered market ринок пропозицій; oligopolistic market олігополістичний ринок; one-sided market односторонній ринок; open market відкритий ринок; open-air market ринок під відкритим небом; organized market організований ринок; outside market зовнішній ринок; overseas market закордонний ринок; overstocked market перевантажений ринок; overt market відкритий ринок; parallel markets паралельні ринки; pegged market регульований ринок; perfect market ідеальний ринок • досконалий ринок; peripheral market периферійний ринок; personal market ринок товарів особистого споживання; potential market потенційний ринок; price-sensitive market ринок, чутливий до цін • ринок, який чутливо реагує на зміни цін; primary market первинний ринок • основний ринок • ринок сировини; produce market товарний ринок • базар; producer market ринок виробників • ринок товарів промислового призначення; productive market продуктивний ринок; professional market ринок професій; profitable market прибутковий ринок; property market ринок нерухомості; prospective market потенційний ринок; protected market захищений ринок; public market відкритий ринок; purchasing market ринок покупців; pure market чистий ринок; ready market ринок, на якому швидко продаються товари; real estate market ринок нерухомості; receptive market місткий ринок; recession-hit market застійний ринок • ринок зниження продажу; regional market місцевий ринок • регіональний ринок; regulated market регульований ринок; repurchase market вторинний ринок цінних паперів; resale market ринок перепродажу; reseller market ринок проміжних продавців • ринок перепродажу; residential market ринок домовласників • ринок житлових приміщень; restrictive market ринок з обмеженим попитом • ринок з тенденцією до монополії; retail market роздрібний ринок • ринок продажу в роздріб; rigged market маніпульований ринок; rural market сільський ринок; sales market ринок збуту; saturated market насичений ринок; secondary market вторинний ринок цінних паперів • другорядний ринок; securities market; selected market вибраний ринок; selective market вибірковий ринок; sellers' market ринок продавців • ринок, який характеризується підвищенням цін; sensitive market нестійкий ринок; services market ринок послуг; share market фондовий ринок • ринок акцій; shrinking market звужений ринок • ринок, що звужується; sluggish market млявий ринок; small market невеликий ринок; soft market ринок, який характеризується падінням цін; soft-drink market ринок безалкогольних напоїв; specialized market спеціалізований ринок; speculative market спекулятивний ринок; spot market ринок наявного товару; stagnant market млявий ринок; steady market стійкий ринок; stock market фондова біржа; strong market стійкий ринок; target market цільовий ринок; technical market ринок промислових товарів • промисловий ринок; territorial market територіальний ринок; test market пробний ринок; thin market неактивний ринок; third market ринок третього ступеня; tight market ринок з обмеженим попитом; tight money market ринок, який характеризується підвищеною ставкою відсотка; top market провідний ринок; total market загальний обсяг ринку • увесь ринок; trade market ринок сфери торгівлі • торговельний ринок; traditional market традиційний ринок; transport market транспортний ринок; two-tier market валютний ринок з подвійним режимом • двоярусний ринок; uncertain market нестійкий ринок; unsettled market нестійкий ринок; untapped market неосвоєний ринок; upbeat market ринок з аукціонним продажем; upscale market ринок споживачів, вищих від середнього рівня; urban market міський ринок; video market відеоринок • ринок відео-продукції; village market сільський ринок; volatile market нестійкий ринок • ринок, на якому ціни швидко змінюються; weak market «слабкий» ринок; wholesale market оптовий ринок; widely dispersed market розгалужений ринок; youth market

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at the market за ринковою ціною • з урахуванням ринкової ціни; at today's market на сьогоднішній біржі; in line with the market відповідно до ринкового курсу; in the market на ринку; market access доступ до ринку; market analysis аналіз ринку; market and pricing policy ринкова і цінова політика; market area місце ринку; market capitalization ринкова капіталізація; market competition ринкова конкуренція; market concentration концентрація ринку • ринкова концентрація; market conditions ринкова кон'юнктура; market conduct ринкова поведінка; market crash біржовий крах; market development освоєння ринку • розширення ринку; market dominance провідне становище на ринку; market economy; market entry вихід на ринок • входження в ринок; market entry strategy стратегія виходу на ринок; market equilibrium ринкова рівновага; market exchange rate ринковий обмінний курс • ринковий валютний курс; market exit вихід з ринку; market factor фактор збуту • ринковий фактор; market failure недоліки ринкової системи • хиби ринкової системи; market fluctuation коливання цін на ринку • кон'юнктурне коливання; market fluctuation equalization fund фонд стабілізації ринку; market forces ринкові сили; market forecast прогноз ринкової кон'юнктури; market form форма ринку; market-geared за обліком ринку; market glut затоварювання ринку • перенасичення ринку; market grouping формування ринку; market information інформація про ринок; market interest rate ринкова ставка відсотка; market intervention ринкова інтервенція; market investigation кон'юнктурне дослідження; market leader товар, який має питому вагу в обороті ринку • ринковий лідер; market level рівень ринку; market maker особа, що реально впливає на стан справ на валютному чи фондовому ринку; market making scheme план впливу на ринок; market mechanism ринковий механізм; market monitoring моніторинг ринку • обстеження ринку; market niche ринкова ніша; market observer оглядач ринку; market operations ринкові операції; market operator біржовий маклер; market organization структура ринку; market-orientated орієнтований на ринок; market outlet канал реалізації • ринок збуту • торговельна точка; market penetration проникнення на ринок; market performance ефективність ринку • функціонування ринку; market place місце торгівлі • ринкова площа • ринок; market position стан ринку • становище ринку • ринкова кон'юнктура; market potential потенціал ринку; market power ринкова влада; market preview реклама товарів, які вступають на ринок; market price ринкова ціна • курс біржі • ринковий курс цінних паперів; market profile зріз ринку • аналіз потенційного ринку збуту за індивідуальною характеристикою; market promotion просування товару на ринок; market prospects перспективи ринку; market quotation біржове котирування • біржовий курс; market rate ринкова ставка • біржовий курс • ринкова норма • ринковий курс; market reaction ринкова реакція; market rent ринкова рента; market report огляд ринкової кон'юнктури • огляд стану ринку • ринковий звіт; market research аналіз стану ринку • вивчення ринкової кон'юнктури • дослідження ринку • аналіз ринкового потенціалу нового продукту • вивчення можливості ринку; market researcher дослідник ринку; market saturation насичення ринку; market section ринковий сектор; market segment ринковий сегмент • частина ринку; market segmentation сегментація ринку; market segregation відокремлення ринку; market-sensitive чутливий до коливання ринкової кон'юнктури; market share питома вага товару в обороті ринку • питома вага компанії в обороті ринку; market sharing поділ ринку • спеціалізація ринку; market sharing agreement угода про поділ ринку; market situation становище на ринку • стан ринку • ринкова кон'юнктура; market structure ринкова структура; market surveillance обстеження ринку • вивчення ринку; market survey обстеження ринку • вивчення ринку; market system ринкова система • ринкова економіка; markettarget price ринкова планова ціна • ринкова цільова ціна; market tendencies ринкові тенденції; market testing перевірка товару ринком • ринкові випробування; market transactions ринкові операції; market trend ринкова тенденція; market value ринкова вартість • курсова вартість • біржова вартість; on the market на ринку; to affect a market впливати/вплинути на ринок; to assess a market оцінювати/оцінити ринок; to bear the market грати на пониження ціни; to be in market продаватися; to be in the market for something бути потенційним покупцем чого-небудь • мати намір купити що-небудь; to branch out into a new market поширюватися/поширитися на новий ринок; to break into the market проникати/проникнути на ринок; to bring something on the market випускати/випустити що-небудь на ринок; to broaden a market розширяти/розширити ринок; to build up a market створювати/створити ринок; to bull the market грати на підвищення цін; to come into the market виходити/вийти на ринок; to come onto the market виходити/вийти на ринок; to command a market контролювати ринок; to congest a market переповнювати/переповнити ринок; to conquer a market завойовувати/завоювати ринок; to corner a market монополізувати ринок; to create a market створювати/створити ринок; to cultivate a market освоювати/освоїти ринок; to develop a market розвивати/розвинути ринок; to divide the market розділяти/ розділити ринок; to dominate the market переважати на ринку • домінувати на ринку; to enter the market виходити/вийти на ринок; to evaluate a market оцінювати/оцінити ринок; to expand a market розширяти/розширити ринок; to explore a market досліджувати/дослідити ринок; to find a market шукати/знайти ринок збуту; to find a ready market шукати/знайти швидкий збут; to flood the market наповнювати/наповнити ринок товарами; to force the market справляти/справити тиск на ринок; to gain access to the market одержувати/одержати доступ на ринок; to get access to the market одержувати/одержати доступ на ринок; to glut the market перенасичувати/перенаситити ринок; to hold a market підтримувати/підтримати ринок; to investigate a market досліджувати/дослідити ринок; to launch on the market випускати/випустити на ринок • пускати/пустити в хід; to manipulate the market впливати/вплинути на ринок; to meet with a ready market шукати/знайти швидкий збут; to monopolize the market монополізувати ринок; to open up new markets відкривати/відкрити нові ринки; to oust from the market витискати/витиснути з ринку; to overstock the market переповнювати/переповнити ринок; to preempt the market заздалегідь опановувати/опанувати ринок; to penetrate the market проникати/проникнути на ринок; to play the market спекулювати на біржі; to price oneself out of the market встановлювати/встановити підвищені ціни на ринку • визначати/визначити занадто високі ціни на ринку • переоцінювати/переоцінити що-небудь на ринку • встановлювати/встановити підвищені ціни на ринку і таким чином втратити своє місце на ринку; to put on the market випускати/випустити на ринок; to regain the market повертати/повернути ринок • знову оволодівати/оволодіти ринком; to retain the market зберігати/зберегти ринок; to rig the market впливати/вплинути на ринок • штучно знижувати/знизити ціни на ринку; to rule the market домінувати на ринку; to secure a market забезпечувати/забезпечити ринок; to seize a market захоплювати/захопити ринок; to segment a market розподіляти/розподілити ринок; to sound out the market випробовувати/випробувати ринок • перевіряти/перевірити ринок; to split the market розподіляти/розподілити ринок; to study the market вивчати/вивчити ринок; to sweep the market завойовувати/завоювати ринок; to take over a market захоплювати/захопити ринок; to test a market розвідувати/розвідати ринок; to win a market завойовувати/завоювати ринок; to withdraw from the market вилучити/вилучати з ринку • виходити/вийти з ринку

* * *

ринок; ринкове господарство; ринкова економіка; ринковий механізм; попит; кон'юнктура

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary > market
14 key

1. n гаечный ключ

double-current key — двойной ключ

key interlock — блокировка ключом

key sorting — сортировка по ключу

candidate key — потенциальный ключ

concatenated key — сцепленный ключ

2. n эл. ключ, кнопка, рычажный переключатель

with only one key stroke — посредством одного нажатия кнопки

ATM key — ключ в банкомате для шифровки PIN-блока транзакции

order-wire speaking key — переговорный ключ служебной линии

infinite random key — неопределенный рандомизированный ключ

the key admits to the garden — это ключ от садовой калитки

3. n ключ; подстрочник

key to the Latin book — подстрочник к латинской книге

speaking key — переговорный ключ

telegraph key — телеграфный ключ

Torx type key — ключ типа "Торкс"

ascending key — возрастающий ключ

key clerk — ответственный за ключи

4. n определитель

5. n ключ; разъяснение, разгадка

key to a mystery — разгадка тайны

key to a political situation — ключ к пониманию политической ситуации

encryption key — ключ шифрования

key filter — искрогаситель ключа

rocking key — коммутаторный ключ

radius key — ключ для круглых гаек

sequencing key — ключ упорядочения

6. n ключ, ключевая позиция

key to the Mediterranean — ключ к Средиземному морю

function key — функциональная клавиша; функциональный ключ

spring winding key — ключ для завода пружинного механизма

did you try this key? — вы пробовали открыть этим ключом?

microadjustable key — ключ с микрометрической настройкой

to twist the key — сломать ключ, свернуть головку ключа

7. n верный путь, ключ

key to the heart — ключ к сердцу

key contact — ключ

key file — файл ключей

morse key — ключ Морзе

nut key — гаечный ключ

cap key — торцовый ключ

8. n тех. клин; шпонка; чека, засов

key groove — шпоночная канавка

cotter key — клин

solid key — шпонка

forelock key — чека

fox key — двойной клин

pin key — круглая шпонка

9. n стр. клинчатый кирпич

voussoir key — клинчатый кирпич

key brick — замковый клиновой кирпич

10. n архит. замок, ключ свода или арки

card key — ключ - карта

firing key — ключ пуска

key bit — бородка ключа

key card — ключ - карта

key size — размер ключа

11. n бот. крылатка

key fruit — крылатка

12. n амер. разг. студент привилегированного университета

13. a главный, основной, ведущий

key industries — ведущие отрасли промышленности

key man — незаменимый работник, специалист

key personnel — ведущие специалисты

key actor — ведущий актёр

key gene — главный ген

key row — основной ряд

key dam — главная дамба

key tank — основной танк

key account — основной счет

14. a ключевой

key position — ключевая позиция

financial key figure — ключевой финансовый показатель

key word — ключевое слово; зарезервированное слово

key tools — ключевые инструментальные средства

key words analyzer — анализатор ключевых слов

key address — основной адрес; ключевой адрес

15. a кино, фото основной

key light — основной свет, ключевой свет

key assets — основные фонды

key color — основная краска

key market — основной рынок

key measure — основная мера

key task — основное задание

16. a спец. дескрипторный

key system — дескрипторная система

17. a определяющий, опознавательный

key line — ключ к произношению и различным знакам

18. v запирать на ключ

pass key — ключ доступа

write key — ключ записи

call key — вызывной ключ

diode key — диодный ключ

key length — длина ключа

19. v использовать условные обозначения, значки, символы

instructions keyed to accompanying drawings — пояснения к чертежам, легенда

key letter — символ ключа

accent key — клавиша знака над символом

statement of key — обозначение тональности

20. v тех. заклинить, закрепить шпонкой

spider key — шпонка для подвижной крестовины рулонной звезды

cutter-locating key — шпонка корпуса зуборезной головки

round-end key — шпонка с скругленными торцами

chamfered key — шпонка со скошенными ребрами

gib-head key — клиновая шпонка с головкой

21. v тел. радио, работать ключом

key job — типовая работа

minor key — младший ключ

safe key — ключ от сейфа

safety key — ключ защиты

screw key — гаечный ключ

22. n клавиша; клапан

the keys of a pianoforte — клавиши фортепиано

key hold — педальная поддержка звучания определенной клавиши

function key definition — определение функциональной клавиши

editing function key — функциональная клавиша редактирования

key binding — задание функции клавиши; "привязка" клавиши

application shortcut key — оперативная клавиша программы

23. n клавиатура

a set of keys — клавиатура

key board and mouse response — реакция на мышь и клавиатуру

key synchronization — фазовая синхронизация клавиатуры

key shift — полутоновое смещение клавиатуры

key regulation — регулирование клавиатуры

key transpose — транспозиция клавиатуры

24. n муз. ключ, тональность

major key — мажорная тональность

Allen key — торцовый ключ

allen key — торцевый ключ

chuck key — торцовый ключ

key record — запись ключа

repeat key — ключ повтора

25. n тон речи

plaintive key — жалобный тон

all in the same key — монотонно

in a high key — в светлых тонах

plain key — гамма средних тонов

middle key — гамма средних тонов

normal key — гамма средних тонов

26. n стиль речи

romantic key — романтический стиль

27. n тон, оттенок

picture painted in a low key — картина, написанная в тёмных тонах

low key — гамма тёмных тонов

in a low key — в тёмных тонах

high key — гамма светлых тонов

28. n «ключ», тональность

numerical key — цифровой ключ шифра

operator talk key — разговорный ключ

unmanched key — несогласованный ключ

unmatched key — несогласованный ключ

calculation key — ключ для вычисления

29. v настраивать музыкальный инструмент

30. v приспосабливать; приводить в соответствие

remarks keyd to the situation — замечания, приличествующие данной ситуации

31. v спорт. присматривать за соответствующим номером команды противника; «опекать»

key number — номер клавиши

voice key — речевая команда

operating key — клавиша команд управления

shortcut key — клавиша быстрого выбора команд

MIDI key number chart — таблица номеров клавиш

32. n амер. островок,

33. n сл. килограмм

Синонимический ряд:

1. central (adj.) cardinal; central; pivotal

2. first (adj.) basic; capital; chief; dominant; first; foremost; fundamental; important; leading; main; major; outstanding; paramount; pre-eminent; premier; primary; prime; principal; top

3. answer (noun) answer; determinant; explanation; solution

4. bar (noun) bar; cay; reef

5. lock opener (noun) house key; ignition key; latchkey; lock opener; master key; pass; passe-partout; passkey; skeleton key

6. means of access (noun) catalog; catalogue; clue; code; expedient; guide; index; manual; means; means of access

7. passport (noun) open sesame; passport; password

8. pitch (noun) pitch; tone

9. route (noun) route; secret; ticket

Антонимический ряд:

minor; problem

English-Russian base dictionary > key
15 station

1. n место, местоположение

he took up a convenient station — он занял удобную позицию

work station network — сеть автоматизированных рабочих мест

flight attendant's station — рабочее место бортпроводника

cabin attendant's station — рабочий места бортпроводников

boat station — место по расписанию по шлюпочной тревоге

flight engineer station — рабочее место бортинженера

2. n станция; центр, пункт

meteorological station — метеорологическая станция

filling station — бензоколонка

dressing station — перевязочный пункт

base station — опорный пункт

weld station — станция сварки

end station — конечная станция

hub station — головная станция

wash station — станция отмывки

3. n радиостанция

station designator — позывные радиостанции

long-distance radio station — радиостанция дальнего действия

line-of-sight microwave station — микроволновая радиостанция

direction-finding radio station — пеленгаторная радиостанция

cat-and-mouse station — курсовая и управляющая радиостанция

facsimile broadcast station — фототелеграфная радиостанция

4. n амер. почтовое отделение

press station — прессовое отделение

bagging station — выбойное отделение

melt station — клеровочное отделение

pick-off station — позиция отделения

cream station — сепараторное отделение

5. n вокзал

train station — вокзал

main station — главный вокзал

central station — главный вокзал

railroad station — железнодорожная станция, вокзал

6. n железнодорожная станция

station yard — станционные пути

buoy station — буйковая станция

drift station — ведомая станция

field station — полевая станция

hold station — станция загрузки

land station — наземная станция

7. n стоянка

home station — стоянка

8. n воен. пост

battle station — боевой пост

duty officer's station — пост дежурного офицера

trigonometrical station — триангуляционный пост

after control station — кормовой пост управления

concrete coating station — пост покрытия бетоном

fire-fighting station — пост по пожарной тревоге

9. n воен. пункт расквартирования

staging station — этапный пункт

load station — загрузочный пункт

meal station — питательный пункт

command station — командный пункт

flag station — остановочный пункт

10. n воен. гарнизон

station hospital — гарнизонный госпиталь

military station — военный гарнизон

11. n воен. авиационная база, авиабаза

station commander — начальник авиационной базы

torpedo station — база торпедных катеров

aviation fuel station — пост заправки авиационным топливом

12. n воен. военно-морская база

service station — станция технического обслуживания; ремонтная база

13. n воен. остановка

we get out at the next station — мы выходим на следующей остановке

en-route station — остановка на маршруте

halt station — пункт остановки транспорта

14. n воен. место прохождения службы; страна или город пребывания

after a visit home he returned to his station — после поездки домой он вернулся на место работы

duty station — место службы

working station — рабочее место

aircrew station — место члена экипажа

alert station — место сбора по тревоге

crew rest station — место отдыха экипажа

15. n воен. общественное положение

a woman of high station — высокопоставленная дама

check station — положение контроля

comfort station — общественная уборная

involute station — положение эвольвентомера

public station — станция общественного вещания

lead station — положение прибора для контроля направления

16. n воен. спорт. место на старте

визирный пункт

change-over station — зона передачи эстафеты

permanent duty station — постоянное место службы

sticking station — рабочее место закольщика скота

attendant's station — рабочее место бортпроводника

background monitoring station — станция для контроля фона

17. n тех. узел

signal station — узел связи

wing station — узел подвески на крыле

end-working station — узел обработки концов изделий

photocell sensing station — узел фотоэлектрического щупа

18. n тех. этап

19. n тех. спец. ареал, место распространения, станция, участок местообитания

ozone station — станция наблюдения за озоном

palletizing station — станция загрузки палет

part load station — станция загрузки деталей

part-waching station — станция мойки деталей

pirate radio station — " пиратская " станция

20. n тех. австрал. овечье пастбище

21. n тех. редк. стоячее положение; постановка, постанов

anchor station — пост по расписанию при постановке на якорь

22. n тех. участок

torch-cutting station — участок пламенной резки заготовок

depanning station — участок выгрузки из форм

eviscerating station — участок нутровки туш

fluxing station — участок нанесения флокса

edging station — фланцеотгибочный участок

23. n тех. пожарное депо

fire station — пожарное депо

original dispatching station — депо приписки

24. n тех. амер. добавочный номер

station 1304 — добавочный 130

25. v ставить на предусмотренное место

scalding station — зона шпарки

crew station — рабочее место члена экипажа

assembly station — рабочее место для сборки

permanent station — постоянное место службы

26. v направлять на место работы

the consul is stationed at … — консул работает в …; консульство находится в …

cd-medical view station — место для просмотра компакт-дисков -

27. v помещать, размещать; определять позицию

to station a guard — выставлять караул

tool change station — позиция смены инструментов

brush station — позиция считывания с помощью щеток

punch station — позиция пробивки; пункт перфорации

tool transfer station — позиция смены инструментов

cassete station — позиция загрузки и выгрузки кассет

28. v размещать по списку

ice lookout station — пост наблюдения за ледовой обстановкой

boiler emergency station — аварийный пост управления котлами

emergency steering station — запасный пост управления рулем

abandon station — пост по расписанию для оставления корабля

surfacing station — боевой пост по расписанию для всплытия

Синонимический ряд:

1. base (noun) base; complex; installation

2. bureau (noun) bureau; headquarters; office

3. calling (noun) business; calling; employment; metier; occupation; trade

4. depot (noun) depot; terminal; way-station; whistle-stop

5. place (noun) base; caste; dignity; level; location; locus; order; place; point; position; post; rank; seat; site; situation; spot; standing; where

6. post (noun) post; posting

7. railroad station (noun) railroad station; station house

8. status (noun) capacity; character; footing; quality; state; status

9. establish (verb) assign; camp; commission; establish; fix; install; locate; place; position; post; set; situate

Антонимический ряд:

transfer

English-Russian base dictionary > station
16 system

система

system of axes

3-component LDV system

3-D LDV system

4-D system

4-D flight-management system

4-D guidance system

AC electrical system

actuation system

aerial delivery system

aerostat system

AEW system

afterburning control system

AI-based expert system

aileron-to-rudder system

air bleed offtake system

air cushion system

air cycle system

air data system

air defence system

air induction system

air refueling system

air traffic control system

air-combat advisory system

air-conditioning system

air-path axis system

air-turbine starting system

airborne early warning system

aircooling system

aircraft reference axis system

aircraft weight-and-balance measuring system

aircraft-autopilot system

aircraft-based system

aircraft-bifilar-pendulum system

aircraft-carried earth axis system

aircraft-carried normal earth axis system

aircrew escape system

airfield lighting control system

airframe/rotor system

airspeed system

alcohol-wash system

alignment control system

all-electronic system

all-weather mission system

altitude loss warning system

angle-of-attack command system

anti-collision system

anti-g system

antitorque system

anti-icing system

antiskid system

area-navigation system

ARI system

artificial feel system

artificial intelligence-based expert system

artificially augmented flight control system

ATC system

attitude and heading reference system

audio system

audiovisual system

auto-diagnosis system

auto-hover system

autolanding system

automatic cambering system

automatic trim system

autostabilization system

autotrim system

axis system

B system

balance-fixed coordinate system

base-excited system

basic axis system

beam-foundation system

bifilar pendulum suspension system

bladder system

blowing system

blowing boundary layer control system

blown flap system

body axis system

body axis coordinate system

body-fitted coordinate system

body-fixed reference system

boom system

boosted flight control system

braking system

breathing system

buddy-buddy refuelling system

cabin pressurization system

cable-mount system

CAD system

canopy's jettison system

cardiovascular system

cargo loading system

cargo-handling system

carrier catapult system

cartesian axis system

Cat III system

central nervous system

CGI system

circulating oil system

closed cooling system

closed-loop system

cockpit system

cockpit management system

collision avoidance system

combined cooling system

command-by-voice system

command/vehicle system

commercial air transportation system

compensatory system

computer-aided design system

computer-assisted system

computer-generated image system

computer-generated visual system

concentrated-mass system

conflict-alert system

conservative system

constant bandwidth system

constant gain system

consultative expert system

control system

control augmented system

control loader system

cooling system

coordinate system

counterstealth system

coupled system

coupled fire and flight-control system

covert mission system

crew systems

cueing system

curvilinear coordinate system

damped system

data system

data acquisition system

data handling system

data transfer system

data-gathering system

DC electrical system

decision support system

defensive avionics system

deicing system

demisting system

departure prevention system

deterministic system

dual-dual redundant system

4-D navigation system

6-DOF motion system

diagnosable system

dial-a-flap system

direct impingement starting system

displacement control system

display system

display-augmented system

divergent system

DLC system

dogfight system

door-to-door system

Doppler ground velocity system

double-balance system

drive system

drive train/rotor system

dry air refueling system

dual-field-of-view system

dual-wing system

dynamic system

early-warning system

Earth-centered coordinate system

earth-fixed axis system

earth/sky/horizon projector system

ejection system

ejection display system

ejection seat escape system

ejection sequence system

ejector exhaust system

ejector lift system

election safety system

electric starting system

electro-expulsive deicing system

electro-impulse deicing system

electro-vibratory deicing system

electronic flight instrumentation system

Elint system

emergency power system

emitter locator system

EMP-protected system

engine monitoring system

engine-propeller system

engine-related system

enhanced lift system

envelope-limiting system

environmental control system

escape system

excessive pitch attitude warning system

exhaust system

FADEC system

fault-tolerant system

FBW system

feathering system

feedback system

feel system

fin axis system

fire detection system

fire suppression system

fire-extinguishing system

fire-protection system

five-point restraint system

fixed-structure control system

flap system

flap/slat system

flash-protection system

flexible manufacturing system

flight control system

flight control actuation system

flight director system

flight inspection system

flight management system

flight path system

flight path axis system

flight test system

flight-test instrumentation system

flotation system

fluid anti-icing system

flutter control system

flutter margin augmentation system

flutter suppression system

fluttering system

fly-by-light system

fly-by-light control system

fly-by-wire system

fly-by-wire/power-by-wire control system

foolproof system

force-excited system

force-feel system

forward vision augmentation system

fuel conservative guidance system

fuel management system

fuel transfer system

full-vectoring system

full-authority digital engine control system

full-motion system

full-state system

full-time system

fully articulated rotor system

fuselage axis system

g-command system

g-cueing system

g-limiting system

gas generator control system

gas turbine starting system

global positioning system

governing system

ground collision avoidance system

ground proximity warning system

ground-axes system

ground-fixed coordinate system

ground-referenced navigation system

gust alleviation system

gust control system

gyroscopic system

gyroscopically coupled system

halon fire-extinguishing system

halon gas fire-fighting system

hands-off system

head-aimed system

headup guidance system

helmet pointing system

helmet-mounted visual system

hierarchical system

high-damping system

high-authority system

high-lift system

high-order system

high-pay-off system

high-resolution system

higher harmonic control system

hose-reel system

hot-gas anti-icing system

hub plane axis system

hub plane reference axis system

hub-fixed coordinate system

hydraulic system

hydraulic starting system

hydropneumatic system

hydrostatic motion system

hysteretic system

ice-protection system

icing cloud spray system

icing-protection system

identification friend or foe system

image generator system

in-flight entertainment system

incidence limiting system

inert gas generating system

inertial coordinate system

inertial navigation system

inertial reference system

infinite-dimensional system

information management system

inlet boundary layer control system

inlet control system

input system

instruction system

instrument landing system

instrumentation system

intelligence system

intelligent system

interconnection system

intermediate axis system

intrusion alarm system

intrusion detection system

inverted fuel system

landing guidance system

large-travel motion system

laser-based visual system

lateral attitude control system

lateral control system

lateral feel system

lateral seat restraint system

lateral-directional stability and command augmentation system

lead compensated system

left-handed coordinate system

leg restraint system

life support system

liferaft deployment system

lift-distribution control system

lighter-than-air system

lightly damped system

lightning protection system

lightning sensor system

lightning warning system

limited-envelope flight control system

linear vibrating system

liquid oxygen system

load control system

load indication system

local-horizon system

loom system

low-damping system

low-order system

LQG controlled system

lubrication system

lumped parameter system

Mach number system

main transmission system

maintenance diagnostic system

maintenance record system

man-in-the-loop system

man-machine system

maneuver demand system

maneuvering attack system

mass-spring-dashpot system

mass-spring-damper system

mast-mounted sight system

mechanical-hydraulic flight control system

microwave landing system

MIMO system

mine-sweeping system

missile system

missile-fixed system

mission-planning system

mobile aircraft arresting system

modal cancellation system

modal suppression system

mode-decoupling system

model reference system

model-based visual system

model-following system

modelboard system

molecular sieve oxygen generation system

monopulse system

motion system

motion generation system

multi-input single-output system

multi-input, multi-output system

multimode system

multibody system

multidegree-of-freedom system

multiloop system

multiple-input single output system

multiple-input, multiple-output system

multiple-loop system

multiple-redundant system

multiply supported system

multishock system

multivariable system

navigation management system

navigation/attack system

navigation/bomb system

NDT system

neuromuscular system

night/dusk visual system

portable aircraft arresting system

nitrogen inerting system

no-tail-rotor system

nonminimum phase system

nonoscillatory system

nonconservative system

normal earth-fixed axis system

Notar system

nozzle control system

nuclear-hardened system

observer-based system

obstacle warning system

oil system

on-board inert gas generation system

on-board maintenance system

on-board oxygen generating system

on-off system

one degree of freedom system

one-shot lubrication system

open cooling system

open seat escape system

open-loop system

operability system

optic-based control system

optimally controlled system

orthogonal axis system

oxygen generation system

parachute system

partial vectoring system

partial vibrating system

performance-seeking system

perturbed system

pilot reveille system

pilot vision system

pilot-aircraft system

pilot-aircraft-task system

pilot-in-the-loop system

pilot-manipulator system

pilot-plus-airplane system

pilot-vehicle-task system

pilot-warning system

pilot/vehicle system

pitch change system

pitch compensation system

pitch stability and command augmentation system

pitch rate system

pitch rate command system

pitch rate flight control system

pneumatic deicing system

pneumatic ice-protection system

pneumodynamic system

position hold system

power system

power-assisted system

power-boosted system

powered high-lift system

powered-lift system

precognitive system

pressurization system

preview system

probabilistically diagnosable system

probe refuelling system

pronated escape system

propeller-fixed coordinate system

propulsive lift system

proximity warning system

pursuit system

push-rod control system

quantized system

random system

rating system

reconfigurable system

rectangular coordinate system

reduced-gain system

reference axis system

refuelling system

remote augmentor lift system

remote combustion system

response-feedback system

restart system

restraint system

restructurable control system

retraction system

ride-control system

ride-quality system

ride-quality augmentation system

ride-smoothing system

right-handed axis system

right-handed coordinate system

rigid body system

robotic refueling system

rod-mass system

roll augmentation system

roll rate command system

rotating system

rotor system

rotor isolation system

rotor-body system

rotor-wing lift system

route planner system

rudder trim system

rudder-augmentation system

sampled-data system

scheduling system

schlieren system

sea-based system

seat restraint system

seatback video system

self-adjoint system

self-contained starting system

self-diagnosable system

self-excited system

self-repairing system

self-sealing fuel system

self-tuning system

shadow-mask system

shadowgraph system

ship-fixed coordinate system

shock system

short-closed oil system

sighting system

simulation system

simulator-based learning system

single degree of freedom system

single-input multiple-output system

singularly perturbed system

situational awareness system

six-axis motion system

six-degree-of-freedom motion system

six-puck brake system

ski-and-wheel system

skid-to-turn system

snapping system

soft mounting system

soft ride system

sound system

speed-stability system

spherical coordinate system

spin recovery system

spin-prevention system

spring-mass-dashpot system

stability and control augmentation system

stability augmentation system

stability axis coordinate system

stability enhancement system

stall detection system

stall inhibitor system

stall protection system

stall warning system

starting system

stealth system

stochastic system

storage and retrieval system

store alignment system

stores management system

strap-down inertial system

structural system

structural-mode compensation system

structural-mode control system

structural-mode suppression system

STT system

suppression system

suspension system

tactile sensory system

tail clearance control system

tail warning system

task-tailored system

terrain-aided navigation system

terrain-referencing system

test system

thermal control system

thermal protection system

threat-warning system

three-axis augmentation system

three-body tethered system

three-control system

three-gyro system

through-the-canopy escape system

thrust modulation system

thrust-vectoring system

tilt-fold-rotor system

time-invariant system

time-varying system

tip-path-plane coordinate system

torque command/limiting system

tractor rocket system

trailing cone static pressure system

training system

trajectory guidance system

translation rate command system

translational acceleration control system

trim system

trim tank system

triple-load-path system

tutoring system

twin-dome system

two degree of freedom system

two-body system

two-input system

two-input two-output system

two-pod system

two-shock system

two-step shock absorber system

unpowered flap system

unpowered high-lift system

utility services management system

vapor cycle cooling system

variable feel system

variable stability system

variable structure system

vestibular sensory system

vibrating system

vibration isolation system

vibration-control system

vibration-damping system

video-disc-based visual system

visor projection system

visual system

visual display system

visual flying rules system

visual sensory system

visual simulation system

visually coupled system

voice-activated system

vortex system

vortex attenuating system

VTOL control system

wake-imaging system

warning system

water injection cooling system

water-mist system

water-mist spray system

weather system

wheel steering system

wide angle visual system

wind coordinate system

wind shear system

wind-axes system

wind-axes coordinate system

wind-fixed coordinate system

wing axis system

wing flap system

wing sweep system

wing-load-alleviation system

wing-mounted system

wing/propulsion system

wiring system

yaw vane system

Авиасловарь > system

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

hold in the central position

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

hold in the central position

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